Endocrine Exam 3 Flashcards
What are disorders of the posterior pituitary gland
SIADH
DI
What is SIADH
It is common after surgery
Ectopic secretion of ADH is the most common cause.
What is a way that SIADH can be diagnosed
Normal adrenal and thyroid function must exist
What are signs and symptoms of SIADH
Related to enhanced renal water retention
Hyponatremia
Hypoosmolarity
What is diabetes insipidus
Insufficiency of ADH
polyuria and polydipsia
Partial/ total inability to concentrate the urine
What is Cushing disease
Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH
What is Cushing syndrome
Excessive level of cortisol regardless of cause
Where are the adrenal glands located
On top of both kidneys
What does epinephrine do
Stimulates sympathetic system
What does norepinephrine do
Increases peripheral resistance
What do mineralcorticoids do
Reabsorbs sodium
Elimination of potassium ( aldosterone)
What are glucocorticoids
Respond to stress
Decreases inflammation
Alters metabolism of protein and fat ( cortisol)
What do glucocorticoids do
Raise plasma glucose levels
Decrease the immune response
Decrease taste and smell sensations
What does mineralcorticoids do
Aldosterone increases ECF which expands blood volume and increases BP, it is regulated by the renin angiotensin system
What does the adrenal medulla do
Produces and secretes catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and epinephrine and opioid peptides. It raises plasma glucose, promotes lipolysis, increase alertness and accelerate metabolism
What does ACTH stimulate
The adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
What may be administered to assist the adrenal to recover and to supplement decreased stores
Steroids
What is diabetes insipidus
DI results from deficiency of ADH, which is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Decreased ADH reduces the ability of the distal renal tubules in the kidneys to collect and concentrate urine, resulting in excessive diluted urine, polyuria, electrolyte imbalances, and polydipsia.
What is primary DI
Lack of ADH production or release, caused by defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
What is secondary DI
A lack of ADH production or release, caused by infection, tumors, in or near the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, head trauma or brain surgery.
What is neurogenic DI
Inherited
Renal tubules do not react to ADH
What is drug induced DI
Lithium carbonate or demeclocyline can alter the way the kidneys respond to ADH
What are expected findings of DI
Polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
Fatigue, dehydration as evidenced by extreme thirst,
Weight loss, muscle weakness, headaches, constipation, dizziness
What are physical,assessment findings of DI
Sunken eyes Tachycardia Hypotension Loss of skin turgor Dry mucous membranes, weak peripheral pulses Decreased cognition
What electrolyte imbalances occurs with DI
Hypernatremia
