Endocrine Exam 3

Question 1

What are disorders of the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 1

SIADH

DI

Question 2

What is SIADH

Answer 2

It is common after surgery

Ectopic secretion of ADH is the most common cause.

Question 3

What is a way that SIADH can be diagnosed

Answer 3

Normal adrenal and thyroid function must exist

Question 4

What are signs and symptoms of SIADH

Answer 4

Related to enhanced renal water retention
Hyponatremia
Hypoosmolarity

Question 5

What is diabetes insipidus

Answer 5

Insufficiency of ADH
polyuria and polydipsia
Partial/ total inability to concentrate the urine

Question 6

What is Cushing disease

Answer 6

Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH

Question 7

What is Cushing syndrome

Answer 7

Excessive level of cortisol regardless of cause

Question 8

Where are the adrenal glands located

Answer 8

On top of both kidneys

Question 9

What does epinephrine do

Answer 9

Stimulates sympathetic system

Question 10

What does norepinephrine do

Answer 10

Increases peripheral resistance

Question 11

What do mineralcorticoids do

Answer 11

Reabsorbs sodium

Elimination of potassium ( aldosterone)

Question 12

What are glucocorticoids

Answer 12

Respond to stress
Decreases inflammation
Alters metabolism of protein and fat ( cortisol)

Question 13

What do glucocorticoids do

Answer 13

Raise plasma glucose levels
Decrease the immune response
Decrease taste and smell sensations

Question 14

What does mineralcorticoids do

Answer 14

Aldosterone increases ECF which expands blood volume and increases BP, it is regulated by the renin angiotensin system

Question 15

What does the adrenal medulla do

Answer 15

Produces and secretes catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and epinephrine and opioid peptides. It raises plasma glucose, promotes lipolysis, increase alertness and accelerate metabolism

Question 16

What does ACTH stimulate

Answer 16

The adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Question 17

What may be administered to assist the adrenal to recover and to supplement decreased stores

Answer 17

Steroids

Question 18

What is diabetes insipidus

Answer 18

DI results from deficiency of ADH, which is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Decreased ADH reduces the ability of the distal renal tubules in the kidneys to collect and concentrate urine, resulting in excessive diluted urine, polyuria, electrolyte imbalances, and polydipsia.

Question 19

What is primary DI

Answer 19

Lack of ADH production or release, caused by defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland

Question 20

What is secondary DI

Answer 20

A lack of ADH production or release, caused by infection, tumors, in or near the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, head trauma or brain surgery.

Question 21

What is neurogenic DI

Answer 21

Inherited

Renal tubules do not react to ADH

Question 22

What is drug induced DI

Answer 22

Lithium carbonate or demeclocyline can alter the way the kidneys respond to ADH

Question 23

What are expected findings of DI

Answer 23

Polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
Fatigue, dehydration as evidenced by extreme thirst,
Weight loss, muscle weakness, headaches, constipation, dizziness

Question 24

What are physical,assessment findings of DI

Answer 24

Sunken eyes 
Tachycardia
Hypotension 
Loss of skin turgor 
Dry mucous membranes, weak peripheral pulses
Decreased cognition

Question 25

What electrolyte imbalances occurs with DI

Answer 25

Hypernatremia