Alterations In Pulmonary Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease

A

Dyspnea and cough
Hemoptysis
Tachypnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilation,hypercapnia, hypocapnia, abnormal sputum, cyanosis, pain, clubbing

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2
Q

What are abnormal breathing patterns assoc with pulmonary disease

A
Kussmaul respirations ( hyperpnea)
Cheyenne stokes
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3
Q

What are conditions causes by pulmonary disease or injury

A
Hypercapnia
Hypoxemia, ventilation perfusion abnormalities, shunting 
Pulmonary edema 
Acute respiratory failure 
Aspiration, atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
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4
Q

What are considered restrictive disorders

A
Pulmonary edema
Atelectasis 
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Pneumonia
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5
Q

Name some pleural abnormalities

A

Open pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumothorax, secondary pneumothorax, pleural effusion, empyema

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6
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lung

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7
Q

What are manifestations of ARDS

A
Shallow rapid breathing 
Respiratory alkalosis 
Dyspnea
Decreased lung compliance 
Unresponsive hypoxemia
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8
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal sounds that are heard over a persons lungs and airways

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9
Q

Agonal respirations

A

Irregular gasping breaths seen during cardiac arrest

Breathing in short sporadic breaths

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10
Q

Air trapping

A

Also called gas trapping

Is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely

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11
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs at the end of the smallest airways
Where the exchange of o2 and co2 takes place

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12
Q

Angle of Louis

A

Useful place to start counting ribs

Angle between the manibrium and the body of the sternum

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13
Q

Anterior axillary line

A

Imaginary line down the beginning of the axillary

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14
Q

Alex of the lung

A

Rounded upper part of the lung

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15
Q

Apneustic respirations

A

Irregular pauses in breathing and unpredictable periods of apnea

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16
Q

What is normal PaO2

A

80-100mmHg

17
Q

What is normal SaO2

A

93-99%

18
Q

What does the PaO2 reflect

A

The partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood

19
Q

What does the SaO2 reflect

A

Saturation of hgb with O2

20
Q

What is type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure causes

A
Pneumonia 
Pulmonary edema
ARDS
Aspiration 
Atelectasis
21
Q

What is a nursing diagnosis for type 1 respiratory failure

A

Impaired gas exchange

22
Q

What are causes of type 2 respiratory failure

A

COPD
neurological system failure to stimulate respiration, muscular failure
Skeletal alterations

23
Q

What is nursing diagnosis of type 2 respiratory failure

A

Ineffective breathing pattern

24
Q

In type 2 hypercapneic respiratory disorder how well is the person ventilated

A

Ventilation is not sufficient

25
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of gas delivered in one ventilatory cycle

26
Q

In mechanical ventilation, what is the tidal volume set at

A

Between 5-8 to prevent trauma to lung tissues

27
Q

Peep

A

Positive pressure left in the ,Inge at the end of respiration