Alterations In Pulmonary Function Flashcards
What are signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease
Dyspnea and cough
Hemoptysis
Tachypnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilation,hypercapnia, hypocapnia, abnormal sputum, cyanosis, pain, clubbing
What are abnormal breathing patterns assoc with pulmonary disease
Kussmaul respirations ( hyperpnea) Cheyenne stokes
What are conditions causes by pulmonary disease or injury
Hypercapnia Hypoxemia, ventilation perfusion abnormalities, shunting Pulmonary edema Acute respiratory failure Aspiration, atelectasis Bronchiectasis
What are considered restrictive disorders
Pulmonary edema Atelectasis Pneumothorax Pleural effusion Pneumonia
Name some pleural abnormalities
Open pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumothorax, secondary pneumothorax, pleural effusion, empyema
Pulmonary fibrosis
Excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lung
What are manifestations of ARDS
Shallow rapid breathing Respiratory alkalosis Dyspnea Decreased lung compliance Unresponsive hypoxemia
Adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal sounds that are heard over a persons lungs and airways
Agonal respirations
Irregular gasping breaths seen during cardiac arrest
Breathing in short sporadic breaths
Air trapping
Also called gas trapping
Is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs at the end of the smallest airways
Where the exchange of o2 and co2 takes place
Angle of Louis
Useful place to start counting ribs
Angle between the manibrium and the body of the sternum
Anterior axillary line
Imaginary line down the beginning of the axillary
Alex of the lung
Rounded upper part of the lung
Apneustic respirations
Irregular pauses in breathing and unpredictable periods of apnea
What is normal PaO2
80-100mmHg
What is normal SaO2
93-99%
What does the PaO2 reflect
The partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
What does the SaO2 reflect
Saturation of hgb with O2
What is type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure causes
Pneumonia Pulmonary edema ARDS Aspiration Atelectasis
What is a nursing diagnosis for type 1 respiratory failure
Impaired gas exchange
What are causes of type 2 respiratory failure
COPD
neurological system failure to stimulate respiration, muscular failure
Skeletal alterations
What is nursing diagnosis of type 2 respiratory failure
Ineffective breathing pattern
In type 2 hypercapneic respiratory disorder how well is the person ventilated
Ventilation is not sufficient
Tidal volume
Volume of gas delivered in one ventilatory cycle
In mechanical ventilation, what is the tidal volume set at
Between 5-8 to prevent trauma to lung tissues
Peep
Positive pressure left in the ,Inge at the end of respiration
