Brain Death

Question 1

What is brain death

Answer 1

The body cannot maintain internal hemostasis

Question 2

What is brain death criteria

Answer 2

Completion of all appropriate, therapeutic procedures
Unresponsive coma ( absence of all motor and reflex responses)
Apnea
No cephalic ( ocular or caloric ) reflexes
Isoelectric EKG
Persistence for 1 HR & 6 hrs after onset

Question 3

What are herniation syndromes

Answer 3

Supratentorial herniation

Infratentorial herniation

Question 4

What are the three types of supratentorial herniations

Answer 4

Uncal
Central
Cingulate

Question 5

What is a uncal herniation

Answer 5

A type of supratentorial herniation
The uncus or hippocampal gyrus (or both) shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa

Question 6

What is a central herniation

Answer 6

A type of supratentorial herniation

It is the downward shift of the dicencephalon through the tentorial notch

Question 7

What is a cingulate herniation

Answer 7

A type of supratentorial herniation

Cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri

Question 8

What is cerebral edema

Answer 8

Increase in fluid ( intracellular or extracellular) within the brain

Question 9

What are the types of cerebral edema

Answer 9

Vasogenic
Cytotoxic
Ischemic
Interstitial

Question 10

What is hydrocephalus

Answer 10

Excess fluid within the cranial vault, subarachnoid space or both

Question 11

What is hydrocephalus caused by

Answer 11

Interference in CSF flow caused by decreased reabsorption, increased fluid production, obstruction within the ventricular system