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Pharm B3 > Endocrine drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a drug that acts on growth hormone?

A

somatotropin

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2
Q

what does somatotropin do?

A

release IGF-1 promoting skeletal growth

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3
Q

when do you use somatotropin?

A

dwarfism

Turner’s

Chronic Renal Failure

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4
Q

what drugs have an effect in Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone ?

A

Octreotide

Pegvisomant

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5
Q

how does octreotide work?

A

Inhibits release of GH, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.

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6
Q

When is Octreotide used?

A

Acromegaly

diarrhea of Carcinoid Syndrome

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7
Q

what is the drug of choice for Acromegaly?

A

octreotide

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8
Q

what drugs are used to stimulate follicle stimulating hormone?

A

follitropin alpha

follitropin beta

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9
Q

from where is follitropin acquired?

A

from post-menopausal women urine

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10
Q

when is follitropin used?

A

infertility due to anovulation in women

Ex: polycystic ovary disease

hypogonadism and undescended testicles in men

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11
Q

what hormones do you look for in polycystic ovary disease?

what hormones do you look for in a lab report in hypogonadism?

what hormones do you look for in a lab report in undescended testes?

A

hCG and menotropins

hCG

hCG

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12
Q

follitropin toxicity can cause what?

A

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

  • uncomplicated ovarian enlargement
  • ascities
  • hydrothorax
  • hypovolemia
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13
Q

what drugs act by stimulating Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone?

A
  1. Gonadorelin
  2. Leuprolide
  3. Goserelin
  4. Buserelin
  5. Histerelin
  6. Nafare
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14
Q

What will pulsatile adminstration of gonadorelin do?

A

Pulsatile administration stimulates the release of FSH and LH

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15
Q

when do you use gonadorelin?

A

in infertility

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16
Q

when are leuprolide, goserelin, buserelin used?

A

Prostate cancer

Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for In Vitro Fertilization

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17
Q

What drugs are given in prostate cancer?

A

Leuprolide and Flutamide because they are androgen antagonist

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18
Q

what drug is used for treatment of Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for In Vitro Fertilization?

A

Leuprolide

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19
Q

what drugs are for stimulating Gonadotropin Releasing Inhibiting Hormone?

A
  • Cetrorelix
  • Ganirelix
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20
Q

when do you use Cetrorelix, Ganirelix ?

A

for Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation: in vitro fertilization

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21
Q

what drugs work by stimulating Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone?

A

Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Pergolide

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22
Q

what drugs inhibit prolactin?

A

Dopamine agonists

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23
Q

What will Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, and Pergolide do?

A
  • Decrease prolactin release
  • Increase GH in normal persons but decrease GH in patients with acromegaly
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24
Q

when do you want to use dopamine agonist drugs?

A

in Hyperprolactinemia, Acromegaly, Parkinsonism, suppression of lactation and breast engorgement

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25
Q

how does oxytocin work?

A

causes milk ejection in lactating woman and stimulates uterine contractions

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26
Q

when is oxytocin used?

A

Induce uterine contractions during labor

Prevent post-partum hemorrhage

Milk let down reflex in nursing mothers

27
Q

when is oxytocin contraindicated?

A

Contraindicated in fetal distress and cephalopelvic disproportion

28
Q

what drugs work by stimulating vasopressin?

A

vasopressin and desmopressin

29
Q

how does vasopressin and desmopressin work?

A

by stimulating V1 and V2 receptors

V1 = blood vessels vasoconstrict

V2 = antidiuretic

30
Q

will desmopressin or vasopressin have more effect in V2 receptor?

A

desmopressin

31
Q

when do you use desmopressin and vasopressin?

A

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus

esophageal varices

haemophilia

32
Q

what are the natural estrogen drugs?

A

estradiol

estrone

estriol

33
Q

what are the synthetic steroidal estrogen drugs?

A

ethinyl estradiol

mestronol

quinestrol

34
Q

what are the Synthetic Non-Steroidal Estrogens?

A

diethyl stillbesterol

35
Q

when do you use estrogen drugs?

A

Post-Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy

For cardioprotection:

  • decrease LDL
  • increase HDL
  • increase coagulation (factors II, VII, IX, and X)
  • decrease anti-thrombin

As a contraceptive:

  • thickens cervical mucus (hostile for sperm)
  • inhibits release of FSH and LH, inhibits ovulation
  • Uterine & tubal contractions: prevent fertilization
  • Endometrium: hypersecretory, no implantation
36
Q

what are the side effects of using estrogen drugs?

A

vomiting

migraine

↑ risk of endometrial carcinoma and breast carcinoma

↑ risk of myocardial infarction

stroke

gall stones

pulmonary embolism

37
Q

what drugs work as progesterone derivatives?

A

Medroxy Progesterone Acetate

38
Q

how does medroxy progesterone acetate work?

A

it antagonizes the effect of estrogens on the lipids

39
Q

what drugs act as 19-Nor-testosterone Derivatives?

A

Norethindrone, Levonorgestrel, Desogestrel, Norgestimate

40
Q

19-Nortestosterone Derivative drugs have what actions?

A
  • Antiovulatory action: used as oral contraceptives because of inhibition of ovulation by negative feedback on FSH and LH
  • Lower androgenic activity: do not antagonize the beneficial action of estrogens on lipid profile
41
Q

when do you want to use Progesterone Derivatives 19-Nortestosterone Derivatives?

A
  1. Post-Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy: to prevent endometrial cancer
  2. contraceptives
42
Q

what are signs of Progesterone Derivatives and 19-Nor-testosterone Derivatives toxicity?

A
  • Breast engorgement
  • irregular bleeding
  • Decreased HDL levels: atherogenesis, more androgenic progestins, medroxyprogesterone
43
Q

how will Progesterone Derivatives and 19-Nortestosterone Derivatives work as contraceptives?

A
  1. inhibits release of FSH and LH inhibiting ovulation
  2. Cervical mucus becomes thick & hostile for sperm
  3. endometrium becomes hypersecretory
44
Q

what drugs work as Anti-Estrogens?

A
  1. Chlomiphene Citrate
  2. Tamoxifen Citrate
  3. Raloxifene
  4. Toremifene
45
Q

what drug is a pure estrogen antagonist?

A

chlomiphene

46
Q

how does chlomiphene work?

A

it is a competitive antagonist in estrogen receptors in hypothalamus and pituitary

47
Q

when is chlomiphene used?

A

Infertility due to anovulation.

To aid in vitro fertilization

48
Q

which anti-estrogens are SERM’s?

A

Tamoxifene Citrate

Raloxifene

49
Q

for what is tamoxifene citrate used?

A

breast cancer

50
Q

tamoxifene works as an antagonist of estrogen in what body structure?

where will it act as an agonist?

A

breasts

in bone and endometrium

51
Q

when is raloxifene used?

A

in post-menopausal osteoporosis

52
Q

what drug works as a anti-progestin?

A

mifepristone

53
Q

when do we use mifepristone?

A
  1. Post-Coital Contraceptive Effect
  2. Termination of Early Pregnancy given with misoprostol
54
Q

what is finasteride?

what is it used for?

A

a 5-alpha reductase inhibiting drug

used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

55
Q

name 3 anabolic steroid drugs

A
  1. Nandrolonedecanoate
  2. Oxandrolone
  3. Oxymetholone
56
Q

what activity do anabolic steroids have?

A

High anabolic and low androgenic activity

57
Q

when are anabolic steroids used?

A
  1. Androgen Replacement therapy in hypogonadism
  2. Chronic catabolic states: AIDS, chronic renal failure
  3. Aplastic anemia
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. To enhance physical ability in athletes: abused
58
Q

what effects can be seen with anabolic steroid toxicity?

A
  1. Gynecomastia
  2. hirsutism
  3. acne
  4. deep voice
  5. cholestatic jaundice
  6. hepatic carcinoma
59
Q

what is Flutamide?

what is it used for?

A

a androgen blocker

used for Prostate Cancer along with Leuprolide

(GnRH agonist, to decrease LH and testosterone secretion)

60
Q

what is Finasteride?

what is it used for?

A

5alpha-reductase inhibitor (inhibits conversion of testosteron to DHT)

benign prostatic hypertrophy and male baldness

61
Q

what are the 2 combined estrogen and progestin types of doses?

A
  • Monophase:
    • fixed dose of estrogen and progestin
  • Biphasic:
    • fixed dose of estrogen
    • progestin is lowered in 2nd phase
62
Q

What are the 3 Progesting Alone Preparations?

also mention the drug name for each.

A

Oral: Norethindrone, Levonorgestrel

Implants: Levonorgestrel

Injectable: Medroxy Progesterone Acetate

63
Q

Estrogen + Progestin or Progestin alone can lead to mild or moderate toxicities, what are these?

A

Mild: nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, headache

Moderate: weight gain and acne, skin pigmentation

Pharm B3 (12 decks)

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