Diabetes Flashcards
what drugs are insulin secretogogues?
sulfonylureas
meglitinides
name the 6 sulfonylureas
- Chlorpropramine
- Tolbutamide
- Tolazamide
- Glipizide
- Glyburide
- Glimepiride
what are the 2 Meglitinides?
- Repaglinide
- Nateglinide
how do all sulfonylureas work?
Block ATP sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells.
Inhibits efflux of K+ and opening Ca channels (influx) causing release of pre-formed insulin
which sulfonylureas are 1st generation?
- Chlorpropramide
- Tolbutamide
- Tolazamide
which sulfonylureas are 2nd generation?
- Glipizide
- Glyburide
- Glimepiride
which sulfonylurea has the longest half life?
how long does it last?
chlorpropramide
32 hours
when is chlorpropramide contraindicated?
patients with hepatic disease (slowly metabolized in liver)
which sulfonylurea has the shortest half life?
which is why it is perfect to use in which patient?
tolbutamide
elderly patients
sulfonylureas, all of them, are used for what condition?
diabetes mellitus type 2
what are signs of sulfonylurea toxicity?
hypoglycemia
disulfiram like reaction with alcohol
(nausea, palpitation, sweating)
all sulfonylureas are contraindicated when?
pregnancy
when is Glipizide contraindicated?
In patients with hepatic disease (can cause hypoglycemia)
which sulfonylurea has the highest potency?
Glimepiride
how do Meglitinides work?
sames as sulfonylureas:
block ATP sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells. Inhibits the efflux of K+, resulting in depolarization. Opening of voltage gated Ca influx. Release of preformed insulin and increase insulin receptors
Repaglinide and Nateglinide have what type of onset?
and how long do they last?
rapid onset
have a short duration
Repaglinide, Nateglinide are used for what?
**good for controlling Postprandial hyperglycemia
too much Repaglinide, Nateglinide may lead to what?
hypoglycemia