Endocrine Flashcards
Poly endocrine
The presence of Addison’s in addition to mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, or both, is called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.[14] The presence of Addison’s in addition to autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or both, is called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2.[15]
Addison
Addison’s disease is associated with the development of other autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes, thyroid disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), celiac disease, or vitiligo.[11][12] Addison’s disease may be the only manifestation of undiagnosed celiac disease.[11] Both diseases share the same genetic risk factors (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes).[13]
Pheochromocytoma
Ret VHL NF TYPE 1 Polycythemia Glucose,insulin high
VHL
Hypoxia inducible factor 1a
Central DI
ADH low Hyper osmotic volume contraction Urine osmolarity low Urine sp gravity <1.006 Serum osmolarity >295 Na high
Water deprivation test
If urine osmolarity does not increase ,desmopressin
Nephrogenic DI
ADH receptor defect,hyper calcemia,hypokalemia Lithium Demeclocycline ADH normal or low Urine osmolarity low Serum osmolarity high Hyper osmotic volume contraction Treat: Hctz Amiloride NSAIDs Salt restriction
SIADH
Drugs: cyclophosphamide Excessive free water clearance Euvolemic hyponatremia Continued Na excretion Serum osmolarity less thanurine osmolarity Treatment:hypertonic saline Diuretic Conivaptan Tolvaptan Demeclocycline
