Endocrine Flashcards
What is the function of the thyroid and where is it?
Regulates metabolism and it’s located in the throat
Explain the negative feedback loop of the thyroid?
Hypothalamus to the
pituitary gland secretes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to the thyroid gland making thyroxine
(Then turns off)
Explain relationship between TSH and Thyroxine when it’s an issue with a pituitary gland?
Direct Relationship
Thyroid stimulating hormone is up = Thyroxine up
Thyroid stimulating hormone is down = Thyroxine down
Explain relationship between TSH and Thyroxine when it’s an issue with thyroid?
Inverse Relationship
Thyroid stimulating hormone is up = Thyroxine down
Thyroid stimulating hormone is down = Thyroxine up
What happens when your Thyroxine is up?
- anxious/jittery
- hot
- loose weight
What happens when your Thyroxine is down?
- tired
- cold
- gain weight
Where is the parathyroid?
Inside the thyroid the 4 dots
Explain the Parathyroid antagonist feedback loop when blood calcium is too high?
Blood calcium is too high then,
Thyroid secretes Calcitonin then,
Targets bones which absorb calcium and the digestive system which stop calcium absorption, then your blood calcium levels decrease.
Explain the Parathyroid antagonist feedback loop when blood calcium is too low?
Blood calcium is too low then,
Parathyroid secretes Parathyroid Hormone (PTH),
Targets bones which releases calcium and the digestive system absorbs calcium, then
Blood calcium levels increase.
What 2 cells are created in the pancreas and what do they secrete?
Alpha cell: secretes Glycogen
Beta cell: secretes insulin
Explain the pancreas antagonist feedback loop after a meal?
Blood sugar is too high then,
Beta cells secrete insulin to,
Target body cells that absorb glucose and the liver which absorb glucose and store it as glycogen, making blood sugar decrease.
Explain the pancreas antagonist feedback loop after fasting?
Blood sugar is too low,
Alpha cells secrete glycogen to, target liver which breaks down glycogen and release glucose, making blood sugar increase.
Where are the adrenal glands and what is its 2 parts?
They are located on top of each kidney. The 2 parts include medulla (fast) and cortex (slow)
Explain Adrenal medulla?
Releases Epinephrine (adrenaline) and part of sympathetic N.S
Explain Adrenal Cortex?
Releases Cortisol and Aldosterone
Part of the Parasympathetic N.S
Adrenal Cortex Negative Feedback Loop?
Hypothalamus (monitors stress),
Pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone to, adrenal cortex,
releasing cortisol increasing glucose (energy) and amino acids (muscle + cell recovery) and aldosterone where kidneys absorb water and sodium. (off)
Explain relationship between ACTH and Cortisol & Aldosterone when it’s an issue with a pituitary gland?
Direct Relationship
ACTH Up = Cortisol & Aldosterone Up
ACTH Down = Cortisol & Aldosterone Down
Explain relationship between ACTH and Cortisol & Aldosterone when it’s an issue with the Adrenal Cortex?
Inverse Relationship
ACTH Up = Cortisol & Aldosterone Down
ACTH Down = Cortisol & Aldosterone Up
