DNA & RNA Flashcards
Who was the DNA structure discovered by?
Watson and Crick - discovered structure
Franklin - discovered helix
What is the back bone of DNA?
Phosphate and sugar (containing phosphodiester bonds = strong)
Is DNA parallel or antiparallel?
Antiparallel
What, where, when of DNA Replication?
What: making identical copy of DNA
Where: in the nucleus
When: during interphase in S phase
What kind of process is DNA replication?
Semiconservative - half old half new
Steps of DNA Replication?
- DNA Helicase - Unwind and unzip
- DNA Polymerase - makes a new strand of DNA
- Leading Strand - synthesizes continuously
- Lagging Strand - synthesizes discontinuously
- DNA Ligase - glue Okazaki fragments
- DNA Polymerase - proofreads
What, where, when of DNA Transcription?
What: copy a DNA gene into RNA
Where: in nucleus
When: during interphase in G1 & G2
Step of Transcription?
- Initiation - RNA polymerase binds to 3 side
- Elongation - RNA Polymerase moves along gene from 3-5
- copies into RNA strand - Termination - RNA Polymerase stops at the terminator
What is RNA complementary to?
The 3-5 DNA strand
What is RNA identical to?
The 5-3 DNA except T and U
What, where, when of Translation?
What: creating protein using mRNA instructions
Where: cytoplasm with ribosome
When: interphase G1 & G2
Steps of translation?
- Initiation - ribosome attaches to mRNA looks for AUG
- Elongation - ribosome reads mRNA 3 at a time
- tRNA has anticodon that is complementary to mRNA codon - Termination - ribosome reaches a stop codon
- enzyme called a release factor causing molecule to break apart
3 Types of Mutations?
- Silent: no change to amino acids
- Misense: cause a change to amino acid
- Nonsense: causes stop codon and shorter protein
