Endocrine Flashcards
An intermediary molecule activated by GH to stimulate tissue growth
Somatomedin
Hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates production and secretion of cortisol
ACTH
From the hypothalamus, stimulates production and secretion of ADH
CRH
What is secreted if blood calcium is low?
Parathyroid Hormone
What is released if blood calcium levels are high?
Calcitonin
What is produced and secreted by beta cells in the pancreas?
Insulin
What is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas?
Glucagon
What is the glucose-sparing hormone from the adenohypophysis?
Growth Hormone
What is the lipid soluble glucose-sparing hormone?
Cortisol
What hormone stimulates milk production?
Prolactin
What hormone does the heart produce?
Anti-natriuretic Peptide
What hormones stimulates milk letdown via a positive feedback loop?
Oxytocin
What is the collective name for hormones that stimulate the ovaries and testes to produce gametes?
Gonadotropins
What hormone stimulates kidney retention if sodium and water in the bloodstream?
ADH aka vasopressin
What is the only hormone that reduces blood sugar?
Insulin
What does the neurohypophysis produce as part of the stress response?
Nothing. But it secretes ADH
What causes the secretion of FSH and LH?
GnRH
What causes production and secretion of GH?
GHRH
There is a lack of what kind of hormone in diabetes mellitus I?
Insulin
What hormone is permissive for alpha constriction and why?
Adrenalines, because they increase the number of adnergenic receptors
What lipid-soluble hormone is permissive for alpha constriction?
Cortisol
What hormone stimulates osteoclasts?
Parathyroid hormone
In Graves’ disease the antibodies produced resemble (and are competitive with) what hormone?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Acromelagy, Pituitary Dwarfism, and Gigantism are all caused by irregularities of what hormone?
Growth Hormone
What hormone suppresses early puberty?
GnRH
What hormone causes blood vessels to constrict and water retention in the kidneys?
ADH
What hormone type is most likely to stimulate protein synthesis?
Water soluble
What type of hormone can enter the nucleus of a cell?
Lipid soluble
What hormones are made in the hypothalamus? From where are they secreted?
Oxytocin and ADH, from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
What hormones are secretes by the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, PRL
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland?
Cortex: Aldosterone (mineralcorticoids) and Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
Medulla: Adrenalines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)
What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?
T3/T4 aka Thyroxine and Calcitonin
What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid, what are its targets and effects?
Parathyroid hormone
Target: Bones, kidneys, intestines
Effects: Stimulates osteoclasts, enhances reabsorption of Ca2+, stimulates calcitrol synthesis. General effect is to increase blood calcium levels
What hormones are secretes by the pancreas?
Glucagon (alpha cells)
Insulin (beta cells)
What hormone is secretes by the kidneys? What is its target and effect?
Erythropoietin
Targets: Bone marrow
Effect: Stimulates production if red blood cells
What hormone is stimulated by the heart? What are its targets and effects?
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Decreases blood pressure by increasing water and Na+ retention
What hormone is produced by the thymus? What are its targets and effects?
Thymosin
Target: T cells
Effect: Matures T cells
What are the Neuronal hormones?
Oxytocin, Cortisol, Adrenalines
What are the humoral hormones?
ADH, Aldosterone, calcitonin and PTH, Insulin and glucagon, erythropoietin, ANP, Thymosin
What are the hormonally controlled hormones?
TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, PRL, T3/T4, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
