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Physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

An intermediary molecule activated by GH to stimulate tissue growth

A

Somatomedin

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2
Q

Hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates production and secretion of cortisol

A

ACTH

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3
Q

From the hypothalamus, stimulates production and secretion of ADH

A

CRH

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4
Q

What is secreted if blood calcium is low?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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5
Q

What is released if blood calcium levels are high?

A

Calcitonin

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6
Q

What is produced and secreted by beta cells in the pancreas?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

What is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas?

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

What is the glucose-sparing hormone from the adenohypophysis?

A

Growth Hormone

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9
Q

What is the lipid soluble glucose-sparing hormone?

A

Cortisol

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10
Q

What hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

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11
Q

What hormone does the heart produce?

A

Anti-natriuretic Peptide

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12
Q

What hormones stimulates milk letdown via a positive feedback loop?

A

Oxytocin

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13
Q

What is the collective name for hormones that stimulate the ovaries and testes to produce gametes?

A

Gonadotropins

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14
Q

What hormone stimulates kidney retention if sodium and water in the bloodstream?

A

ADH aka vasopressin

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15
Q

What is the only hormone that reduces blood sugar?

A

Insulin

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16
Q

What does the neurohypophysis produce as part of the stress response?

A

Nothing. But it secretes ADH

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17
Q

What causes the secretion of FSH and LH?

A

GnRH

18
Q

What causes production and secretion of GH?

A

GHRH

19
Q

There is a lack of what kind of hormone in diabetes mellitus I?

A

Insulin

20
Q

What hormone is permissive for alpha constriction and why?

A

Adrenalines, because they increase the number of adnergenic receptors

21
Q

What lipid-soluble hormone is permissive for alpha constriction?

A

Cortisol

22
Q

What hormone stimulates osteoclasts?

A

Parathyroid hormone

23
Q

In Graves’ disease the antibodies produced resemble (and are competitive with) what hormone?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

24
Q

Acromelagy, Pituitary Dwarfism, and Gigantism are all caused by irregularities of what hormone?

A

Growth Hormone

25
Q

What hormone suppresses early puberty?

A

GnRH

26
Q

What hormone causes blood vessels to constrict and water retention in the kidneys?

A

ADH

27
Q

What hormone type is most likely to stimulate protein synthesis?

A

Water soluble

28
Q

What type of hormone can enter the nucleus of a cell?

A

Lipid soluble

29
Q

What hormones are made in the hypothalamus? From where are they secreted?

A

Oxytocin and ADH, from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

30
Q

What hormones are secretes by the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

A

TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, PRL

31
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex: Aldosterone (mineralcorticoids) and Cortisol (glucocorticoids)

Medulla: Adrenalines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)

32
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

A

T3/T4 aka Thyroxine and Calcitonin

33
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid, what are its targets and effects?

A

Parathyroid hormone

Target: Bones, kidneys, intestines
Effects: Stimulates osteoclasts, enhances reabsorption of Ca2+, stimulates calcitrol synthesis. General effect is to increase blood calcium levels

34
Q

What hormones are secretes by the pancreas?

A

Glucagon (alpha cells)
Insulin (beta cells)

35
Q

What hormone is secretes by the kidneys? What is its target and effect?

A

Erythropoietin
Targets: Bone marrow
Effect: Stimulates production if red blood cells

36
Q

What hormone is stimulated by the heart? What are its targets and effects?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
Target: Kidneys
Effect: Decreases blood pressure by increasing water and Na+ retention

37
Q

What hormone is produced by the thymus? What are its targets and effects?

A

Thymosin
Target: T cells
Effect: Matures T cells

38
Q

What are the Neuronal hormones?

A

Oxytocin, Cortisol, Adrenalines

39
Q

What are the humoral hormones?

A

ADH, Aldosterone, calcitonin and PTH, Insulin and glucagon, erythropoietin, ANP, Thymosin

40
Q

What are the hormonally controlled hormones?

A

TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, PRL, T3/T4, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

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