endocrine Flashcards
hyperaldosteronism
high aldosterone
low K
high BP
metabolic alkalosis
addisons disease syx
signs
diagnostic test
addisonian crisis treatment
lethargy, weakness, anorexia, nausea & vomiting, weight loss, ‘salt-craving’
hyperpigmentation (especially palmar creases)
hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia may be seen
The short synacthen test is the best
Iv fluids and IV hydrocortisone
cushing syndrome syx
high cortisol /acth
weight gain
histruism, striae
easy bruising
thirst
acth -> cortisol relationship
acth from pituitary –> adrenals and causes cortisol to be release
pituatory tumour visual changes
bitemporal hemianopia
new derange TFT in pregnancy
aims of treatment?
maintain normal TSH, T4 irrelevant
SE suphonylureas
swap to?
hypoglycaemia and weight gain
gliptins e.g pioglitazone = good for those pile it on where hypo is an issue
most common thyroid cancer?
papillary
drug related to gallstonses?
octreotide
test for acromegaly
syx
oral glucose tolerance test and growth hormone level
large hand/feet
hyperglycaemia
diabetes
sweating
proximal muscle weakness
diabetes inspidus test
water supression
impaired glucose tolerance
a fasting glucose 6.1 but less than 7.0 mmol/l implies impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is defined as fasting plasma glucose less than 7.0 mmol/l and OGTT 2-hour value greater than or equal to 7.8 mmol/l but less than 11.1 mmol/l
people with IFG should then be offered an oral glucose tolerance test to rule out a diagnosis of diabetes.
A result below 11.1 mmol/l but above 7.8 mmol/l indicates that the person doesn’t have diabetes but does have IGT
primary aldosteronism
aka
high NA
low K
low renin
high aldosterone
aka conns
severe hypercalaemia treatment
Iv fluids
if fails to respond then IV bisphosphonates
renal artery stenosis
HTN unresponsive to antihypertensives
if unilateral - different kidney sizes
