End conduct problems, begin anxiety disorder (T3)

Question 1

Explain the treatment target for problem-solving skills training.

Answer 1

Social information processing biases (interpretation, solutions)
disruptive, older youth
Work directly with youth (vs. PMT)

Question 2

Explain practice problem-solving strategies for problem-solving skills training.

Answer 2

Child/therapist 12-20 sessions
 Review typical problems & solutions
 Role plays
 Parent support of treatment encouraged

Question 3

Explain the treatment target for Multisystemic Therapy (MST).

Answer 3

 Adolescents with serious conduct
problems
 Delinquency, violent crime, substance abuse, sex offending

Question 4

What is multisystemic therapy (MST)?

Answer 4

 Intensive family & community-based treatment, Systems focus:
 Family, school, peers
 Empirical support & limitations
 Well-supported, costly short-term, saves $ long-term

Question 5

Why doesn’t group-based treatment work for conduct problems?

Answer 5

Can work, if children are fairly matched on severity.
• Beware of peer contagion: spread of social deviance/antisociality from more
severe to less severe kids.

Question 6

Why doesn’t DARE, Drug Abuse Resistance Education work for conduct problems? (police school curriculum)

Answer 6

– Controversial: no evidence of long‐term benefits, some evidence for poorer
outcomes. Newer curriculum still being evaluated.

Question 7

Why doesn’t scared straight work for conduct problems?

Answer 7

fear/humiliation/punishment‐based programs

– actively increase crime and re‐offense rates

Question 8

What is anxiety?

Answer 8

a state of psychological distress that reflects reactions to

threatening stimuli.

Question 9

What are emotional symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 9

feelings of tension, apprehension

Question 10

What are cognitive symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 10

worry, thoughts about inability to cope

Question 11

What are psychological symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 11

increased heart rate, muscle tension, other autonomic arousal symptoms.

Question 12

What are behavioral symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 12

avoidance of feared situations, decreased task performance, increased startle response.

Question 13

What is fear?

Answer 13

reaction to immediate threat (a present, specific

stimulus).

Question 14

What is worry?

Answer 14

response to threat, in which person considers &

prepares for possible future danger or misfortune.

Question 15

What is emotional regulation?

Answer 15

the modulation, tolerance, &
endurance of emotions. Can be:
– adaptive or maladaptive
– automatic/effortless or strategic/effortful
– behavioral or cognitive:

Question 16

what is behavioral emotional regulation?

Answer 16

distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal,

thought suppression

Question 17

What is cognitive-emotional regulation?

Answer 17

social support‐seeking, expression suppression,

situation modification/avoidance/escape

Question 18

What is maladaptive anxiety?

Answer 18

1) Intense: excessive, disproportionate to threat (intensity)
2) Chronic: persistent, long‐standing (duration)
3) Impairing: disabling, interferes with daily functioning &
goal‐attainment

Question 19

What is Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?

Answer 19

age‐inappropriate distress when separated from the caregiver, & clingy behaviors in the presence of the caregiver

Question 20

What is selective mutism?

Answer 20

inability to speak in specific situations when expected.

Question 21

What is specific phobia?

Answer 21

excessive fear of particular objects/situations

• e.g., animals, injury, blood, storms, costumed characters

Question 22

What is social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?

Answer 22

fear of scrutiny, embarrassment, ridicule

Question 23

Which anxiety disorders emerge in early to middle childhood?

Answer 23

Separation Anxiety Disorder, Selective mutism, specific phobia, & Social Anxiety Disorder.

Question 24

What is panic disorder?

Answer 24

recurrent, unpredictable panic attacks.
• Panic attack: episodic experience of extremely
intense and uncomfortable anxiety (fear
reaction).
• Relatively rare in children

Question 25

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 25

excessive anxiety in trapped/insecure places (with or without panic attacks)

Question 26

What is Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Answer 26

excessive and unrealistic worries and tension about a variety of stimuli and situations.

Question 27

Which anxiety disorders emerge in adolescence or adulthood?

Answer 27

panic disorder, agoraphobia, Generalised Anxiety Disorder.

Question 28

What are the developmental considerations for SAD?

Answer 28

Fear of separation normative ages 13‐18 months, declines around 3‐5.
• Still need reassurance if scared, upset, unsure
– School‐age children (6+): occasional anxiety upon separation is normal

Question 29

What is Mowrer’s two‐factor theory for selective mutism>

Answer 29

Classical conditioning: arises b/c children associate speaking in certain situations with heightened arousal and psychological distress
– Operant conditioning: negative reinforcement maintains SM
• learn that they can lower arousal & avoid distress by remaining silent

Question 30

Is selective mutism heritable?

Answer 30

yes