Anxiety disorders cont. (T3) Flashcards
What is test anxiety?
Not a DSM diagnosis: • Can be a presentation of social anxiety – Fear of negative social evaluation – Symptoms: • Physiological: autonomic over‐arousal • Cognitive: – worry beforehand, fear during test – concentration difficulties – negative automatic thoughts – Catastrophizing, self‐condemnation • Emotional: feeling distressed, hopeless
What is school refusal?
– Often NOT truancy or a conduct problem
• Child wants to stay home, overtly distressed about attending,
• may tantrum if pushed to go, but not otherwise disruptive,
• parents know, trying to get child to attend
– Consider function of the behavior: Why refusing/skipping school?
• E.g., Separation anxiety? Social phobia? Test anxiety? Specific phobia?
– Reinforced by avoidance
Panic attacks include at least 4 of the following symptoms….
Somatic: heart racing/pounding (palpitations), sweating,
trembling/shaking, shortness of breath, feel choking, chest pain,
nausea or abdominal distress, feel dizzy/lightheaded, feel
chilled/hot, numb/tingling,
• Emotional: derealization (feelings of unreality), depersonalization
(detached from oneself)
• Cognitive: fear losing control, fear going crazy, fear dying.
What is metacognition?
ability to think about own thoughts
and feelings develops through adolescence.
Agoraphobia involves the fear of at least 2 of the following…
Using public transportation (buses, trains, ships, planes, subway)
– Being in open spaces (parking lots, markets, bridges),
– Being in enclosed spaces (shops, theaters, cinemas),
– Standing in line or in a crowd,
– Being outside of home alone
What is apprehensive expectation?
An essential feature of GAD; excessive worry about the
future.
How common is comorbidity with GAD?
About 50% have comorbid depression.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Presence of obsessions, or compulsions, or both.
What are obsessions?
Recurrent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts urges, or images that usually cause marked anxiety or distress.
What are common themes of obsession?
contamination (e.g., touching “dirty” objects),
– doubts (“Did I lock door?”),
– order or symmetry (“just right” arrangements),
– forbidden/illegal/harmful impulses
(e.g., committing violence, swearing in church,
distressing sexual imagery)
How are obsessions handled?
The individual attempts to ignore, suppress, or
neutralize them with some other thought or action
(compulsion)
What are compulsions?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts the individual feels
driven to perform (intense impulse) in response to an obsession, or according to rigid rules.
What is the purpose of compulsions?
These behaviors are aimed at preventing/reducing anxiety or distress, or a dreaded outcome, though not realistically connected to it, or are clearly excessive
What is required for OCD?
Os or Cs are either: time‐consuming (>1 hour/day), distressing, or impairing
Aside from OCD, what other disorders are in the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders section of DSM-5?
Body dysmorphic disorder: obsessive focus
on a perceived flaw in appearance
Hoarding: difficulty discarding items because
of strong perceived need to save items
and/or distress associated with discarding
Trichotillomania: recurrent, irresistible urges
to pull out body hair
Excoriation: (dermatillomania) repeated urge
to pick at one’s own skin causing
psychological or physical damage
