EMT 2

Question 1

Oral Glucose

Answer 1

Indications:
Altered Mental Status (AMS)
History of Diabetes or Blood Glucose < 60mg/dl
Ability to swallow medication

Contraindications:
Unresponsive/Unable to swallow
BG>60mg/dl

Question 2

Epinephrine

Answer 2

Used to treat Anaphylactic Reaction
Mimics sympathetic nervous system; constricts vessels; relaxes bronchioles

Side Effects:
Tachycardia Pallor
Pale Skin Headache
Nausea/Vomiting Anxiety

Dosage:
.3 mg for >66 lbs .15mg for <66lbs

Question 3

Decompression Sickness

Answer 3

When one ascends too quickly & nitrogen starts to re-expand into the tissues

Question 4

Pancreatitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of Pancreas

May be triggered by a variety of causes including alcohol, gallstones or infection

Pain in middle of the upper quadrants

Question 5

Steps of Reassessment

Answer 5

1) Repeat Primary Assessment
2) Reassess & Record vital signs
3) Repeat Secondary Assessment
4) Check Interventions
5) Note Trends in Patients Condition

Question 6

Retroperitoneal Organs

Answer 6

Kidneys
Ureters
Pancreas
Abdominal Aorta

Question 7

Organs in Right Upper Quadrant

RUQ

Answer 7

Most of liver
Gallbladder
Part of Large Intestine

Right Kidney is behind the abdominal lining

Question 8

Pneumonia

Answer 8

Infectious disease caused by bacterium/virus that affects the lower respiratory tract, causing lung inflammation

Leads to poor gas exchange & hypoxia

S/S: 
Decreased Appetite    AMS
Fever    Cough
Dyspnea    Crackles/Rales 
Chest Pain     Cyanosis

Question 9

Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Form of Arteriosclerosis

Build up of fatty deposits on inside of Coronary Arteries

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a result of this

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

Heart condition that causes the smallest of arterial structures to become stiff & less elastic

Often referred to as “hardening of the arteries”

Question 11

Angina

Answer 11

“Pain in the Chest”

Commonly associated with CAD

Symptom of inadequate oxygen supply to heart

Question 12

Vertebrae of Spinal Column

Answer 12

Cervical Spine: 1-7 (most mobile & delicate) stops at bottom of neck

Thoracic Spine: 8-19 Upper Back

Lumbar Spine: 20-24 Lower Back

Sacral Spine: 25-29 Rigid posterior portion of pelvis

Coccyx: 30-33 lower fused vertebrae at the end of the Spine (tailbone)

Question 13

Primary Phase Injuries

Answer 13

Injuries due to the pressure wave of the blast

Primarily affect gas-containing organs (lungs, stomach, intestines, inner ears & sinuses)

Question 14

Flash Burn

Answer 14

Type of Flame Burn

Result of flammable gas or liquid that ignites quickly

Question 15

Secondary Phase Injuries

Answer 15

Injuries due to flying debris

Injuries are obvious (lacerations, impaled objects, fracture & burns)

Question 16

Tertiary Phase Injuries

Answer 16

Injuries occurred from patient being thrown from source of blast

Injuries similar to being ejected from a vehicle

Question 17

Hematoma

Answer 17

A contained collection of blood

Similar to contusion except it usually involves damage to a larger blood vessel/ larger amount of tissue

Question 18

Signs & Symptoms of Shock

Answer 18

Mental Restlessness 
Anxiety
AMS
Perfusion of skin
     Pale, cool, clammy skin
     Weak, thready, absent peripheral pulses
     Delayed Capillary Refill

Vitals:
Tachycardia (early sign)
Increased Breathing Rate (early sign) 
Narrow Pulse Pressure 
Decreased BP (late Sign)

Question 19

Paresthesia

Answer 19

Prickling or tingling feeling that indicates some loss of sensation

Question 20

Flail Segment

Answer 20

Two or more adjacent ribs are broken in 2 or more places

Segment of chest unattached to the rest of the rib cage

Causes paradoxical movement