Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Emotions > Flashcards

Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brain processes the cognitive aspect of emotions ?

A

The neocortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What system processes raw reflexive feelings ?

A

The lymbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What part of the lymbic system processes fear ?

A

Amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are streams of thoughts processed ?

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are streams of feelings processed ?

A

Limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 variables of the neuroscience wheel of emotions ?

A
  1. Distance from center (arousal)
  2. Direction or valence (pleasure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many dimensions of emotions is there according to big data ?

A

25 dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When do babies start displaying facial expressions from primal emotions ?

A

36 hours after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

People can distinguish between how many classes of facial expressions ?

A

6 classes of facial expression: fear, anger, surprise, disgusted, sad, and happy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ability to display emotions and recognize them in others transcends _____and _____barriers

A

Cultural and linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genuine, automatic, involuntary facial expressions sometimes involve different facial _____ than artificial expressions of emotions

A

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Condition where people cannot voluntarily control their facial muscles (due to damage in or around primary motor cortex)

A

Volitional facial paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Condition where people do not show automatic facial expressions of emotion, but they have no trouble voluntarily moving facial muscles. This is often seen in Parkinson’s Disease.

A

Emotional facial paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are behavioral responses to emotions ?

A

Muscular movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What system controls autonomic responses to emotions ?

A

Peripheral nervous system (fight or flight, energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do hormonal responses to emotions signal through ?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hormonal responses reinforce ______ responses

A

Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is anthropectomy ?

A

The denial that animals exhibit humanlike characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Defense mechanisms in animals are linked to what emotion ?

A

Fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is this called : put metal wire in brain and give on/off switch to animals to self stimulate their own brain

A

Intracranial self-stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Self electrical stimulation always ______dopamine levels

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is correlation between dopamine signaling and pleasure strong or poor ?

A

Poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of learning is dopamine linked to ?

A

Association learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Smelling the right pheromone triggers what type of behavior in rodents ?

A

Sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stimulating GABA neurons in the medial amygdala of the posterior dorsal division causes what behaviors ?

A

Try to have sex and extreme rage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stimulating Glutamate neurons in the medial amygdala of the posterior dorsal division causes what behaviors ?

A

disengage socially and start grooming themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The 25 unique emotion blends result in what type of expressions ?

A

Multimodal behavioural expressions involving voice, touch, posture, gaze, and head/body movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 steps of the theory of emotions ?

A
  1. Perception of emotion-eliciting event/stimuli
  2. Subjective feelings of emotion
  3. Behavioral and physiological responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

People with damage to what peripheral structure feel emotions less intensely ?

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Reduction in emotional experiences correlated with how much _____the people had lost

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Could people with spinal cord damage still have behaviors linked to emotions ?

A

People could exhibit behaviors but not feel emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 3 steps of the James-Lange theory ?

A
  1. Perception of emotion-eliciting event
  2. Collection of behavioural and physiological responses are triggered by the brain unconsciously
  3. Feedback from the peripheral nervous system to the brain triggers subjective feelings of emotion (e.g., fear).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

According to James Lange, an emotion is a 1 to 1 mapping to ____ responses

A

Body

34
Q

Does interfering with the muscular movement associated with a particular emotion decreases people’s ability to experience that emotion ?

A

Slightly

35
Q

What type of drugs can eliminate the fight or flight response ?

A

Beta blockers

36
Q

Do beta blockers eleminate the emotion ?

A

Beta blockers only eleminate the behavior

37
Q

Do our internal organs respond to emotions quickly ?

A

No because they are relatively insensitive to emotions

38
Q

True or false : cutting the sensory nerves between the internal organs and the central nervous system abolishes emotional behaviour in animals

A

False

39
Q

True or false : injecting hormones or artificially activating the autonomic nervous system cannot create emotions

A

True

40
Q

The arousal of the brain changes the cognitive assessment of the emotion in the ___ cortex

A

Precortex

41
Q

Where is the cingulate cortex ?

A

In the lymbic system, it overlies the corpus callosum.

42
Q

In what lobe are located the hippocampus and amygdala ?

A

The temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex

43
Q

The hippocampus is critical for…

A

Explicit memory formation

44
Q

The amygdala is critical for…

A

Feeling and recognizing emotions, particularly fear

45
Q

What surgery did patient SP receive ?

A

Bilateral amygdalectomy to treat a seizure disorder

46
Q

What emotion did patient SP no longer feel ?

A

Fear

47
Q

Could patient SP still recognize people in photographs ?

A

Yes, only not identify their fear (same in pictures of herself)

48
Q

What other emotions did she have difficulty recognizing to a lesser extent ?

A

Disgust, sadness, happiness

49
Q

Patient SP could still detect which 2 emotions ?

A

Anger and surprise

50
Q

People with no amygdala…

A

Have no concept of personal space, do not understand social situations, put themselves in dangerous situations.

51
Q

What part of the face do we spontaneously look at to identify someone’s emotion ?

A

The eyes

52
Q

When shown faces, patient SM (bilateral amydgala damage) does not look at…

A

The eyes. She had to be taught to do so to identify emotions.

53
Q

What part of the amygdala regulates emotional responses, especially fear ?

A

Central nucleus

54
Q

Lesions of the central nucleus reduce/eliminate ____and ____fear responses

A

Both innate and learned

55
Q

What fear is normal in people with bilateral amydgala damage ?

A

Fear of suffocation

56
Q

What creates the fear of suffocation ?

A

The medulla detects the raising levels of CO in the blood.

57
Q

Stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala causes…

A

Fear, anxiety, agitation

58
Q

Persistent stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala can cause…

A

Stress induced illnesses like ulcers

59
Q

What activates the central nucleus of the amygdala ?

A

Viewing threatening stimuli or fearful faces

60
Q

The central nucelus of the amygdala receives information from…

A

Superior colliculi, visual thalamus, and visual association cortex

61
Q

Patients with damage to primary visual cortex or visual association cortex may have no conscious awareness of looking at a person’s face, but they may still show…

A

Amygdala activity in response to viewing faces mimicking the presented facial reaction (happy or fearful face).

62
Q

What other areas of the brain activate when we look at emotional faces ?

A

Somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, premotor cortex, and cingulate cortex.

63
Q

What hemisphere seems more involved in recognizing emotions ?

A

The right hemisphere (especially in the lateral fissure)

64
Q

What is the role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (vmPFC) ?

A

Regulating expressions of emotions

65
Q

Is the vmPFC inhibitory or excitatory ?

A

Usually inhibitory

66
Q

When learned fear responses are extinguished, connections between the vmPFC and amygdala are strengthening or reducing ?

A

Strengthening

67
Q

Lesioning the vmPFC and amygdala selectively disrupts…

A

Extinction learning and restores the original fear memory.

68
Q

The original fear memory is in the…

A

Medulla

69
Q

The learned fear memory is in…

A

The prefontal cortex

70
Q

People with damage to their vmPFC often struggle to…

A

Control their emotions and act with adult maturity

71
Q

This is the last part of the brain to be myelinated in teen years

A

Prefrontal cortex

72
Q

Interactions between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala regulate ____ responses.

A

Emotional

73
Q

What brain damage was Phineas Cage victim of ?

A

Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)

74
Q

After his injury, Phineas Cage was…

A

Childish, irresponsible and thoughtless of others

75
Q

Damage to the vmPFC weakens behavioral control and impair decision-making; but not …

A

Cognitive abilities

76
Q

There is a ___(small/big) correlation between risky behaviour, impulsive aggression, and low serotonin levels.

A

small

77
Q

The _____was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys that were tracked over 4 years.

A

serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA

78
Q

The monkeys with the _____ lower/highest levels of 5-HIAA were risk taker

A

Lower

79
Q

Low crebrospinal serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in humans is linked to…

A

Aggression and antisocial behavior, including assault, arson, murder, and child beating.

80
Q

Drugs that increase serotonin signaling, such as SSRIs like Prozac, tend to _____decrease/increase irritability and aggressiveness.

A

Decrease

Neuroscience (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions