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CHILD PSY 235 > Emotional Development (CH 10) > Flashcards

Emotional Development (CH 10) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Emotion?

A
  • Combination of physiological & cognitive responses to thoughts or experiences
  • They have 5 Components
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2
Q

What are the 4 Components of Emotion?

A
  • Neural Responses
  • Physiological Factors (heart rate, hormone levels, breathing rate)
  • Subjective Feelings
  • Emotional Expressions
  • The desire to take action (escape, approach, change people/things in environment)
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3
Q

What is the Discrete Emotions Theory?

A
  • Emotions (expressions) are viewed as discrete & innate from one another from very early in life
  • Emphasizes evolution & adaptation
  • Emotional responses are largely automatic & NOT based on cognition
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4
Q

What is the Functionalist Perspective?

A
  • The basic function of emotions is to promote action toward achieving a goal
  • Emotions are not discrete from each other & vary somewhat based on social environment
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5
Q

What does Discrete Emotions Theory & the Functionalist Perspective agree on?

A

-Both agree that cognition & experience shape emotional development

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6
Q

What are the basic emotions & when do they appear?

A
  • Happiness, fear, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust

- These emotions appear very early in life

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7
Q

What is the first sign of Happiness for an infant?

A

-When they start to smile

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8
Q

At what age do infants exhibit smiles?

A
  • At first 3-8weeks of life during REM sleep & when they’re being stroked lightly
  • But then it turns into a reaction to external stimuli/ stimuli that engages their attention (touching & high pitched voices) , when they can control a particular event
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9
Q

At what age do infants start to laugh?

A

-At 3-4 months they laugh & smile at activities that bring them pleasure

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10
Q

What are Social Smiles & when do they emerge?

A
  • Smiles that are directed at people

- Social smiles emerge around 6-7weeks of age

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11
Q

When do social smiles mostly occur?

A

-Occur during interactions w/ parent or other familiar people & tend to elicit the adult’s delight, interest & affection= promotes care from parents & strengthen relationships

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12
Q

At what age do infants PRIMARILY smile at FAMILIAR people?

A

-7 months= selective smiling

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13
Q

At what age do infants exhibit wariness of unfamiliar objects & events?

A

-4 months of age

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14
Q

At what age to infants exhibit the initial signs of fear?

A
  • 6-7 months

- Mostly w/ strangers

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15
Q

How long does the fear of strangers remain?

A

-from 6-7months up until their 2nd year of life

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16
Q

What is Separation Anxiety?

A

-Feelings of distress that children/infants & toddlers experience when they are separated/ expected to be separated from their their parents

17
Q

At what age does Separation Anxiety emerge?

A
  • at 8 months of age

- And tends to increase to 13 or 15 months of age & then begins to decline

18
Q

When do kids begin to differentiate between real & imaginary fears?

A

-5 or 6 years of age

19
Q

For a child, what is Anger?

A

-It’s their response to a frustrating/ threatening situation & is largely an interpersonal experience

20
Q

How would the Functionalist Perspective of Emotion likely view Anger?

A
  • Child/ adult is likely to be angry w/ another person than an object
  • And that they’re more likely to be angry in certain contexts more that others
21
Q

How is Anger expressed in infants?

A

-It’s actually mixed w/ sadness= expressing a general state of distress & they can’t differentiate if a stimulus is making them sad or angry yet

22
Q

At what age do infants clearly express anger?

A
  • Around 1 year

- They also frequently express it

23
Q

At what age does the tendency to react to a situation peak?

A

-Between ages 18-24 months of age

24
Q

At what age do children show less negative emotion?

A

-Ages 3-6 years

25
Q

What do Sadness & Fear have in common?

A

-They’re both adaptive= draws in the support of a caregiver

26
Q

At what age to infants begin to express Surprise?

A

-By the age of 6 months

27
Q

What factor influences the extent to which an infant express Surprise?

A
  • The emotional enviornment that is provided by their parents
  • Infants w/ depressed parents are less surprised
28
Q

At what age to kids express Disgust?

A

-3-4 years of age BUT does not mean that they know what the word “disgust” means so they use descriptive words like “yucky/gross”

29
Q

What are Self-Conscious Emotions?

A
  • Emotions that require that children have a sense of self
  • These emotions include Guilt, Shame, Jealously, Pride, Empathy, Embarrassment,
  • They’re fostered by their sense of what adults & society expects of them & their acceptance to these standards
30
Q

At what age is sense of self in kids fully developed?

A

-2-3 years old

31
Q

What kind of growth are Self-Conscious Emotions an example of?

A

-Discontinuous growth because there is an abrupt qualitative change in the kid’s ability to experience these emotions & linked to sense of self

32
Q

What is the key difference between Guilt & Shame?

A
  • Guilt is more external= associated w/ the empathy of others (making eye contact)
  • Shame is Internal= not associated to the concern of others (hiding)
33
Q

What does it mean when a child feels Guilty?

A
  • They have feelings of regret & remorse about their behavior
  • And that they also want to undo the consequences of that behavior
34
Q

What does it mean when a child feels Shame?

A

-They feel exposed= makes them want to hide

35
Q

At what age does the feelings of Guilt w/ bad or hurtful behavior increase?

A

-at 2-3 years

36
Q

How are kids more likely to experience Guilt rather than shame when being disciplined?

A
  • When their parent’s emphasize the “badness” of their behavior instead of the kid’s self
  • Also when parents teach kids the consequences of their actions & reparing the harm that they’ve done
37
Q

What are the 2 key factors that influence kid’s emotional reactions & regulations?

A
  • The kid’s capacity to feel emotions

- Their understanding of emotions

38
Q

What does understanding emotions refer to?

A

-The kid’s understanding of how to identify their emotions, what they mean, their social functions, & what factors affect emotional experience

39
Q

LEFT OFF

A

-428

CHILD PSY 235 (10 decks)

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