Emotion Flashcards
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
- body sensation lead to emotions
- bottom up
What is the cannon-bard theory of emotion?
- bodily sensations result from emotions
- top-down
What is Bem’s behaviouralist view of emotion?
- emotion is observed through behavioural output
- based on how a person is acting
What is Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
- emotion and bodily reaction happen simultaneously
- bodily reaction (somatic marker) elicits a cascade of response (emotion)
What is Scherer’s Components Process model of emotion?
- cognitive appraisal
- physical feeling/bodily cue
- subjective emotional experience
What are the basic emotions?
- happiness
- surprise
- sadness
- fear
- anger
- disgust
What is the difference between mood, affect and emotion?
- mood: could persist for a longer period of time
- affect: more immediate, laughing, tone of voice
What a re subjective feelings?
- not necessarily mood or affect but a feeling
- body saliency: how much can you feel that feeling in your body?
What areas of the brain make up the Papez Circuit?
- hippocampal formation (dentate gyrus, hippocampus, fornix)
- hypothalamus (mammillary bodies, mammillothalamic fasiculus)
- thalamus (anterior thalamic nucleus)
- cingulate gyrus (cingulum)
- entorhinal cortex
What are the parts of the limbic system?
- nucleus accumbens
- amygdala
- corpus callosum
- pre and post central gyrus
- cingulate gyrus
- precuneus
- orbitalfrontal cortex
What did Damasio, Everitt and Bishop find?
- bilateral damage of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
- resulted in impaired decision making
- because get a gut instinct or internal cues from body about decision making
What is the Kluver-Bucy syndrome caused by?
- bilateral removal of anterior temporal lobes
- bilateral removal of amygdala and inferior temporal cortex
What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
- tameness and loss of fear
- risky behaviour
- hypermetamorphosis
- examination of objects by mouth
- visual agnosia
What are frontal lobotomies and what are the symptoms?
- damage to frontal regions
- loss of emotional experience and expression
- poor social skills
- left-frontal: depression, flat affect
What region is the insula involved in?
- limbic-sensory region
What feelings are the posterior insula involved with?
- pain, touch, itch
What feelings are the anterior insula involved with?
- broad, complex emotions and awareness
What is active inference (Seth and Friston)?
- comparing expectations or predictions with prediction errors
What is interoception?
- sense of the physiological condition of the body
- knowing when you feel cold, hungry, hot etc.
- homeostasis
- emotion regulation
How can you measure emotion and what must be considered?
- subjectively: self-report
- objectively: psychophysiology
- does objective and subjective measures line up
What did Saarimaki et al. find about measuring emotion?
- there are no distinct neural circuits for distinct emotional experiences
What did Nummenmaa, Glerean, Hari and Hietanen find when measuring emotion?
- body sensation mapping
- multimodal induction of emotion
- similar maps across: people, type of stimuli and languages
What is alexithymia?
- unawareness of one’s own emotional experience
- difficulty finding the words for how you feel
When is awareness of emotion relevant?
- for day-to-day life
- psychotherapy
- research: subjective self-reports
What is interoceptive dysfunction?
- being unable to regulate
- not paying attention to bodily cues
- ex. increase in heart rate when anxious but being unable to regulate this
- common in disorders: anxiety, depression, eating disorders
What is adaptive emotion regulation?
- studying for an exam so that you feel less anxious
What is maladaptive emotion regulation?
- watching tv to ignore that you feel anxious about your exam
- substance use
What is the Extended Process Model of ER?
- Identification
- Selection
- Implementation: Are you able to implement this technique?
- Monitoring: Is this technique working?
