Embryology Sexual Differentiation

Question 1

TDF is a gene that who lacks?

Answer 1

Females

Question 2

What hormone secretes anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)?

Answer 2

TDF

Question 3

AMH secretes what two hormones?

Answer 3

testosterone and dihydrotestoerone

Question 4

DHT is responsible for:

Answer 4

differentiation in males external genitalia—i.e. differentiate scrotum from penis

Question 5

What structure is ductus deferens formed from?

Answer 5

mesonephric ducts (Wolffian duct)

Question 6

Uterus is formed from what ducts?

Answer 6

Paramesonephric ducts

Question 7

Hypospadias are urethral openings on what side on the penis? Cause is the insufficiency of DHT/ androgen receptor

Answer 7

ventral side of the penis

Question 8

Epispadias is the urethral opening on what side of the penis?

Answer 8

Dorsal side

Question 9

What is Adrenogenital syndrome ?

Answer 9

A pseudo-intersexuality in females where there is hypertrophy of the clitoris, resembling a scrotum/

Question 10

What does the processus vaginalis push through to form deep ring?

Answer 10

transversalis fascia

Question 11

Opening of aponeurosis of external oblique muscle forms :

Answer 11

superficial ring

Question 12

Congenital inguinal hernia is caused by the failure of the _____ to close?

Answer 12

processus vaginalis

Question 13

What is the ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus an embryological remnant of ?

Answer 13

gubernaculum

Question 14

What is polyhydramnios?

Answer 14

excess amniotic fluid —inability to swallow

Question 15

What is respiratory distress?

Answer 15

It is due to esophageal atresia and is when fluid enters respiratory tract.

Question 16

Congenital hiatal hernia is due to:

Answer 16

displacement of the stomach through esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 17

Incomplete recanalization or anular pancreas

Answer 17

Duodenal stenosis and atresia

Question 18

Vomit contains bile

Answer 18

Duodenal stenosis

Question 19

Meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum

Answer 19

finger-like projections on the ventral side of the ileum—remnant of umbilical vesicle (omphalomesenteric duct)

Question 20

The pectinate line divides what two different tissues of the proctoderm and hindgut?

Answer 20

Proctoderm is made of stratified keratinized squamous epithelium and hindgut is made of columnar epithelium

Question 21

Arterial supply for proctoderm—

Answer 21

internal pudendal artery—which gives off inferior rectal artery

Question 22

Above the pectinate line, what gives innervation?

Answer 22

pelvic splanchnic and inferior hypogastric plexus—autonomic

Question 23

What is aganglisosis?

Answer 23

The absence of autonomic ganglia —no gut innervation –absence of peristalsis–failure of neural crest cells to migare

Question 24

A rare disease where there is severe dilation of part of colon (megacolon)–myenteric plexus of colon

Answer 24

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung’s disease)

Question 25

What opens on the ventral surface of the glans penis if hypospadias ?

Answer 25

External urethral orifice

Question 26

What is chordee?

Answer 26

A curved penis

Question 27

If a baby is spitting up a few hours after birth, this is a sign of what?

Answer 27

Duodenal atresia

Question 28

The blockage of the duodenum happens at the junction of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct. What developmental issue is this?

Answer 28

Duodenal atresia

Question 29

Bilious emesis is

Answer 29

vomiting of bile

Question 30

What does duodenal atresia looks like on a radiograph?

Answer 30

A double bubble