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Block II Exam > Basic terms for abdomen and GI Tract > Flashcards

Basic terms for abdomen and GI Tract Flashcards

Master Objectives of Block II exam

1
Q

What outlines the abdominal wall?

A

parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

What covers/line the organs of abdomen?

A

visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity communicates with?

A

The pelvic cavity.

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5
Q

What is the first structure observed when opening the abdominal wall, anteriorly? and this makes up most of what?

A

The grater sac and makes up most of the peritoneal cavity.

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6
Q

What makes up only a small portion of the peritoneal cavity and has an opening known as the foramen of Winslow or epiploic (omental) foramen?

A

The lesser sac (omental bursa) of the peritoneal cavity which is located on the lesser curvature of the stomach.

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7
Q

Where is the lesser sac in reference to the liver and stomach?

A

lesser sac is posterior to the stomach and liver.

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8
Q

what are peritoneal folds of peritoneum that allows movement and provide a conduit for vessels, lymphatics and nerves to the viscera?

A

Mesenteries

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9
Q

What covers the lesser and greater sacs? What is this derived from?

A

Lesser and greater omentum Made from Mesenteries

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10
Q

Intraperitoneal fascia is on what part of the abdominal wall?

A

Anterior part

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11
Q

Retroperitoneal is on what side of the abdominal wall?

A

Posterior

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12
Q

Retroperitoneal organs consists of?

A
  1. kidneys
  2. adrenal glands
  3. pancreas
  4. urinary bladder and vessels
  5. rectus
  6. rest of duodenum
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13
Q

Intraperitoneal organs consists of ?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Proximal part of duodenum
  4. Upper part of rectum
  5. sigmoid colon
  6. transverse colon
  7. Jejunum
  8. Ileum
  9. Cecum
  10. Appendix
  11. Spleen
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14
Q

What is the pringle maneuver?

A

That is when the hepatoduodenal ligament (free border of lesser omentum) is clamped in order to interrupt blood flow through the hepatic artery and portal vein thus controlling the liver from bleeding.

Basically, clamps the portal triad to slow down bleeding from the liver.

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15
Q

What is the anatomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament.

A

It connects the liver to the duodenum. It is the anterior border of the omental foramen.

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16
Q

What is enclosed in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Hepatic proper artery, portal vein and bile duct

artery, vein and duct

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17
Q

If there is a perforating ulcer posterior to the wall of the stomach, what is likely to be affected?

A

The lesser sac (omental bursa)

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18
Q

renal vein drains what?

A

Gonads, Kidneys and suprarenal glands

“Rent Drains— Supper, Kids and Gas.”

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19
Q

left common iliac vein drains:

A

lower limbs, pelvis, perineum and parts of abdominal wall

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20
Q

What is all venous drainage and is known as the “second vascular bed”

A

Liver

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21
Q

What drains pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen into the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

“Portal drains– Special Green Pottie.”

22
Q

Hepatic veins drains into what?

A

The inferior vena cava. and then the IVC pierces the diaphragm.

23
Q

Blockage of hepatic portal vein can cause:

A

Portal hypertension which leads to varices (enlargement of vessels)
AND
can affect venous return to GI system

24
Q

Anterolateral layers

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial Fascia
    - camper’s
    - scarpa’s
  3. External Oblique
  4. Internal Oblique
  5. Tranvesus Abdominis
  6. transversalis Fascia
  7. Extraperitoneal Fascia
  8. Parietal peritoneum
25
Q

Three anterolateral flat muscles

A

External and Internal Oblique and Transversus abdominis

all are innervated by T7-T12

26
Q

Retroperitoneal is the visceral component of what?

A

Extroperitoneal Fascia

27
Q

Arterial supply for venous drainage is

A

Musculophrenic and superior epigastric artery which supplies the superior wall

Superficial inferior epigastric artery supplies the inferior part

28
Q

Lymphatic drainage of abdomen

A

Superficial lymphatics pass:

  • superiorly to axillary nodes
  • inferiorly to inguinal nodes
  • deep to parasternal nodes
29
Q

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

A

a medical device used to treat hydrocephalus;

requires drainage of peritoneum.

drains from the brain into the abdomen

30
Q

peritoneum is used as a membrane for what clinical treatment?

A

Dialysis. Electrolytes and molecules are exchanged across here.

31
Q

What forms the first part of the large intestine?

A

Cecum

Which makes sense because the ascending colon is on the same side as the cecum

32
Q

What is caused by a perforated duodenal which leads to a release of gas into the peritoneal cavity? and this will most likely affect what structure?

A

Perforated bowel; affect the greater omentum/sac

33
Q

What is the “policeman” of the abdomen and is a place for peristalsis and tumor spread?

A

Greater omentum (covers the greater space/sac)

34
Q

What is a two-layered peritoneum divided into medial hepatogastric and lateral hepatoduodenal?

A

Lesser omentum

35
Q

If an ulcer occurs superiorly, what structure would it most likely affect?

A

Duodenum

36
Q

What crosses the inferior part of the duodenum?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

37
Q

What is a part of the right peritoneal cavity between the liver and right kidney and suprarenal glands? This space is:

A

hepatorenal recess

38
Q

The space that separates the diaphragm from the surface of the liver is what?

A

Subphrenic space

39
Q

What ligament divides the anterior surface of the liver into left and right lobes?

A

The falciform ligament

40
Q

Layers that make up the spermatocord:

A
  1. Dartos muscle/fascia –> smooth muscle
  2. External onlique w spermatic fascia
  3. Internal Oblique w/ Cremaster–> move testes
  4. Transversalis fascia w Tunica Vaginalis
  5. Extraperitoneal fascia–carries ductus deterens
41
Q

What artery arises from the abdominal aorta through the deep inguinal ring to supply blood to the testes?

A

Testies artery

42
Q

What is an important landmark in inguinal canal?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

43
Q

If an inguinal hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastric artery and goes through deep and superficial inguinal ring, what kind is it?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia–most common

44
Q

If hernia occurs medially to the inferior epigastric artery and only passes through the superficial inguinal ring, what kind of hernia is it? Occurs due to weakness in the floor of the canal.

A

direct inguinal hernia

45
Q

What makes up the Haslebach’s triangle and what is its significance?

A
  • inguinal ligament–inferior
  • rectus abdominis–medial
  • inferior epigastric–lateral

where congenital/direct hernias occur

46
Q

Coronary ligaments form what other ligament(s)?

A

the right and left triangle ligaments

47
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Removal of the gallbladder

48
Q

What is jaundice?

A

That is when a gallstone passes into the bile duct which obstructs the flow of bile to the duodenum.

49
Q

What nerve is responsible for upper right pain & referred pain in the right shoulder?

A

Phrenic nerve

50
Q

What is marginal artery of drummond?

A

Connects the Middle Colic of SMA and Left colic of IMA

51
Q

What is mesenteric angina?

A

that is when the celiac trunk or SMA are occluded/narrowed. which causes abdominal pain.

Block II Exam (16 decks)

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