Embryology of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

The formative process by which the 3 germs layers and axial orientation of the embryo is established

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2
Q

What are the 3 germ layers?

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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3
Q

During what week of development is the primordial gut formed?

A

4th

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4
Q

From what part of the primal gut tube does the foregut develop?

A

The cranial part

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5
Q

The laryngo-tracheal diverticulum develops from what?

A

The ventral wall of the foregut

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6
Q

What does the trachea-oesophageal septum divide the foregut into?

A

Trachea and oesophagus

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7
Q

From what parts of the foregut and midgut is the duodenum formed?

A

The caudal part of the foregut and the cranial part of the midgut

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8
Q

During what week of development does the liver primordium appear?

A

Middle of the third week

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9
Q

What is formed by ventral outgrowth from the bile duct during development?

A

The gall bladder and cystic duct

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10
Q

During what week of development are the pancreas and spleen formed?

A

5th

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11
Q

The development of what part of the GI tract involves the rapid elongation of the gut-tube and its associated mesentery?

A

Midgut

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12
Q

What part of the primary intestinal loop will become the distal duodenum, jejunum and proximal ileum?

A

The cephalic part

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13
Q

The caudal part of the primary intestinal loop will become what structures?

A

Distal ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

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14
Q

What structures are part of the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal

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15
Q

The endoderm of the handgun forms

A

lining of bladder and urethra

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16
Q

Give a disease of the oesophagus that can arise from abnormal development

A

Oesophageal atresia

Trachea-oesophageal fistula

17
Q

What causes incomplete separation of the laryngo-tracheal tube?

A

Incorrect deviation of the trachea-oesophageal septum

18
Q

What may arise from abnormal development of the pancreas and cause duodenal stenosis?

A

Annular pancreas

19
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Herniation of the abdominal viscera through the umbilicus

20
Q

What might cause an omphalocele?

A

Failure of retraction of the herniated loops - liver, stomach or intestinal loops

21
Q

What is gastroschisis?

A

Herniation of the abdominal contents directly through the body wall into the amniotic cavity

22
Q

What can be formed by remnants of the Vitelline duct and what can it cause?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

May form fistula or vitalline cyst/ligament

23
Q

What might result from the incomplete separation of the hindgut from the urogenital sinus by the urorectal septum?

A

Urorectal fistula
Rectovaginal fistula
Rectoanal atresia
Imperforate anus