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Alimentary System > Anatomy Overview > Flashcards

Anatomy Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters?

A

Regulate movement of material into and out of the oesophagus

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2
Q

What are the four layers of the oesophagus?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Adventitia

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3
Q

What epithelium type lines the mucosa of the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

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4
Q

The submucosa of the oesophagus contains mucous glands which

A

secrete mucous via ducts and provide lubrication

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5
Q

What are the functions of the fundus of the stomach?

A

Storage

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6
Q

What are the functions of the body of the stomach?

A 
Storage 
Mucous production 
HCl production 
Pepsinogen production 
Intrinsic factor production
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7
Q

What are the curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser and greater curvatures

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8
Q

What is the last region of the stomach?

A

Pyloric region

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9
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A

Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate

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10
Q

Where do blood vessels, lymph vessels, ducts and nerves enter and exit the liver?

A

Via the porta hepatis

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11
Q

What is the only area of the liver not covered by connective tissue?

A

Bare area

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12
Q

What are the main functions of the liver?

A

Blood filtration and detoxification

Production and secretion of bile

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13
Q

What cells are in the endocrine portion of the pancreas and what do they produce?

A

Islets of Langerhans

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

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14
Q

What cells are in the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells

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15
Q

Where do the main pancreatic duct and common bile duct join the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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16
Q

What is the exocrine pancreas responsible for?

A

Digestive function of the pancreas

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17
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Secretion of various substances into the blood

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18
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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19
Q

Where in the small intestine does most of the nutrient absorption occur?

A

In the jejunum

20
Q

What is the longest part of the small intestine?

A

Ileum

21
Q

The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by;

A

circular folds, villi and microvilli

22
Q

The villi of the small intestine are responsible for absorption and the crypts are responsible for

A

secretion

23
Q

What muscle layer of the large intestine is incomplete?

A

The longitudinal muscle layer

24
Q

What is the name given to the 3 strips of longitudinal muscle running along the entire length of the outside of the colon?

A

Teniae coli

25
Q

The contractions of the teniae coli cause

A

the haustra

26
Q

What kind of epithelium is the mucosa of the large intestine composed of?

A

Simple columnar

27
Q

What are the main components of the large intestine?

A 
Caecum 
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
28
Q

What are the common components of the alimentary wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa

29
Q

The fourth layer of the alimentary wall depends on what?

A

Whether the organ is intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

30
Q

If an organ is retroperitoneal, the fourth layer of the alimentary wall is

A

adventitia

31
Q

If an organ is intraperitoneal, the fourth layer of the alimentary wall is

A

serosa

32
Q

What features of the intestines act to increase absorptive surface area?

A

Circular folds
Villi
Microvilli

33
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

A fold of membranous tissue that arises from the posterior wall of the peritoneal cavity

34
Q

What are the main arterial supplies of the GI tract?

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

35
Q

To what lymph nodes do the stomach lymph vessels drain?

A

L and R gastric nodes, L and R gastroepiploic nodes and eventually to coeliac nodes

36
Q

To what lymph nodes do the duodenal lymph vessels drain?

A

Upwards via pancreaticoduodenal nodes to gastroduodenal nodes then coeliac nodes
Downwards via pancreaticoduodenal nodes to superior mesenteric nodes

37
Q

To what lymph nodes do the jejunum and ileum lymph vessels drain?

A

Via intermediate mesenteric nodes to superior mesenteric

38
Q

To what lymph nodes to the lymph vessels of the caecum drain?

A

Superior mesenteric

39
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the ascending colon drain?

A

Paracolic lymph nodes then superior mesenteric nodes

40
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the transverse colon drain?

A

Proximal two thirds drain to middle colic nodes then superior mesenteric
Distal third drains to colic nodes then inferior mesenteric

41
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the descending colon drain?

A

Colic lymph nodes then inferior mesenteric

42
Q

To what lymph nodes do the liver lymph vessels drain?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

43
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the gallbladder eventually drain?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

44
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the pancreas eventually drain?

A

Coeliac and superior mesenteric nodes

45
Q

To what lymph nodes do the lymph vessels of the spleen drain?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

46
Q

How can the examination of lymph nodes be useful clinically?

A

Enlarged lymph nodes felt on palpation can be a sign of disease/infection
The extent of metastases can be determined surgically by resecting and examining the lymph nodes draining from the area of malignancy

Alimentary System (29 decks)

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