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Cardiovascular System > Embryology of the CVS 1 > Flashcards

Embryology of the CVS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major stages in heart development?

A
  1. Primitive heart tube
  2. heart looping
  3. artial and ventricular septation
  4. outflow tract septation
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2
Q

Name the labelled parts.

A
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3
Q

Which mesoderm goes on to form the circulatory system (and other viscera)?

A

lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

Why does the primordial heart start to function at the beginning of week four, and why is CVS the first major system to develop in the growing embryo?

A

In a rapidly growing embryo, diffusion is not sufficient to supply required nutrients therefore embryo must utilise CVS.

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5
Q

__________ ______ _______ collect in the lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm, move towards the midline and coalesce to form the two _________ ________ _______.

A

Angiogenic cell islands

primitive heart tubes

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6
Q

Blood vessels first appear in the wall of _____ _____, ______, _______ _____ and ______.

A

yolk sac

allantois

connecting stalk

chorion

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7
Q

Appearance of paired endothelial strands (_________ _______) appear in the cardiogenic mesoderm – 3rd week

A

angioblastic cords

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8
Q

Angioblastic cords canalize to form _____ ________.

A

heart tubes

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9
Q

Tubular heart joins blood vessels in other areas to form _________ _________ _______.

A

primordial cardiovascular system

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10
Q

During cranial folding, reorientation of the heart tube positions it ________ to pericardial cavity.

A

dorsal

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11
Q

Cephalic folding

pericardial cavity: _____ - _______

cardiac tube: _______ - ______

A

dorsal - ventral

ventral - dorsal

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12
Q

Pericardium is derived from i______ ______ _______.

A

intra-embryonic coelom

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13
Q

Parietal layer of serous pericardium & fibrous pericardium are formed from _______ _________.

A

somatic mesoderm

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14
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium is derived from __________ ________.

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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15
Q

Name the labelled parts.

Which part becomes the arterial system?

Which part becomes the venous system?

A

Arterial system = cephalic end

venous system = caudal end

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16
Q

Name the labelled parts of the fused primitive heart tube.

A
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17
Q

The venous end of the heart tube is called the what?

A

sinus venosus

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18
Q

Each horn of the sinus venosus gets blood from which areas?

(3)

A

placenta

yolk sac

body of the embryo

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19
Q

What are the names of the veins which drain blood into the sinus venosus?

Where do they drain blood from?

(3)

A

umbilical vein = placenta

vitelline vein = yolk sac

common cardinal vein = body of the embryo

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20
Q

The arterial end of the heart tube is known as the what?

A

truncus arteriosus

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21
Q

The truncus arteriosus is continuous cranially with the _______ _______.

What arises from the structure labelled above?

A

aortic sac

aortic arches

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22
Q

How many aortic arches are there on each side?

Aortic arches terminate in the ______ _______.

A

6

dorsal aorta (R & L)

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23
Q

_____________ and ________ grow faster than other regions forming a U-shaped ___________ loop.

A

Bulbus cordis

ventricle

bulboventricular

24
Q

Name the labelled parts of the looped heart tube.

A
25
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A

Heart points to the right side of the chest instead of the left side.

26
Q

What happens during dextrocardia?

A

Heart tube loops to the left side instead of the right (so ends up to lie facing the right).

27
Q

What can dextrocardia be associated with?

A

Situs inversus (transposition of viscera)

28
Q

What does partitioning of the primordial heart involve?

A

One or two actively growing masses of tissues:

Endocardial cushion formation
Septum formation

29
Q

What does the endocardial cushion do?

A

Seperates RA and RV from LA and LV, forming left and right AV canals.

30
Q

What does the septum formation do?

A

Separates RA from LA and RV from LV.

31
Q

What are cardiac malformations associated with defective formation of endocardial cushion and septum formation?

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

32
Q

Name the labelled parts.

A
33
Q

What develops during the partition of the primitive atrium?

A

1) Septum primum and foramen primum
2) Septum secundum and foramen secundum

34
Q

What is another word for foramen?

A

Ostium

35
Q

What is the role of the oval foramen before birth?

A

Allows most of the blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium (non-functioning lungs).

Prevents the passage of blood in the opposite direction.

36
Q

______ _______ of adult heart is a remnant of foetal oval foramen.

A

Fossa ovalis

37
Q

When the foramen ovales closes after birth, which structures meet?

A

septum primum (inferior)

septum secondum (superior)

38
Q

Non closure of formamen ovales results in what?

What is the clinical term for this?

A

patent formamen ovale

atrial septum defect (ASD) = ‘hole in the heart’

39
Q

What are the four clinically significant types of atrial septal defect (ASD)?

A

A) Foramen secundum defect

B) Endocardial cushion defect with foramen primum defect

C) Sinus venosus defect

D) Common atrium

40
Q

Partitioning of Primitive Ventricle

What is the initial septum formed, what does this create?

A

muscular interventricular septum

interventricular foramen

41
Q

What is the name of the structure which divides the bulbis cordis and truncus arteriosus?

A

aorticopulmonary septum

42
Q

What causes the closing of the interventricular foramen?

What does this form?

A

The attachment of the aorticopulmonary septum with the muscular interventricular septum.

They meet to form the membraneous interventricular septum.

43
Q

Growth of ______ _______ also contributes to membranous portion of the interventricular septum.

A

endocardial cushions

44
Q

What is the most common type of congenital heart disease (25% of cases)?

Who is this most common in?

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

males

45
Q

Where do early pacemakers develop?

(2)

A

Primitive atrium and then sinus venosus

46
Q

Where is the SA node located in adults?

A

very proximal to the opening for the SVC, high in the RA

47
Q

What does cot death or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) often occur due to?

A

Abnormalities of conducting tissue

48
Q

What adult structure(s) does the truncus arteriosus develop into?

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

49
Q

The smooth part of the right ventricle is called the what?

A

conus arteriosus

50
Q

The smooth part of the left ventricle is called what?

A

aortic vestibule

51
Q

The primitive ventricle develops into which adult structures?

A

trabeculated parts of the L & R ventricles

52
Q

The primitive atrium develops into which adult structures?

A

trabeculated parts of L & R atria

53
Q

The sinus venosus develops into which adult structures?

A

smooth part of right atrium

coronary sinus

54
Q

The junction of the trabeculated and smooth parts of the right atrium is called the what?

A

crista terminalis

55
Q

What are the causes of congenital heart disease?

(5)

A

Rubella infection in pregnancy

Maternal alcohol abuse

Maternal drug/radiation treatment

Genetics

Chromosomal

56
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is associated with which four major defects?

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
  3. Dextroposition of aorta (“overriding” aorta)
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
57
Q
A

Cardiovascular System (37 decks)

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