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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy of the CVS 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the CVS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures/organs make up the cardiovascular system?

3 points

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatics

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2
Q

Name the blood vessels involved in the CVS.

A 
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
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3
Q

Veins _____ and ______ blood ___ the heart.

A

collect
return
to

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4
Q

Arteries _______ blood _____ the heart.

A

distribute

from

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5
Q

Lymphatics _____ _______ extracellular fluid _____ tissue.

A

drain excess

from

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6
Q

The heart is located in the ________ mediastinum.

A

middle

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7
Q

The superior and inferior mediastinum connect at the ________ _________ at T____.

A

sternal angle

4

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8
Q

Name the two main circulations in the CVS?

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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9
Q

What other circulatory systems are involved in the CVS other than the two main ones?

2 points

A

Hepatic portal circulation

Lymphatic system

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10
Q

How would you describe the circulation between the gut and liver?

A

in series

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11
Q

Name the great vessels of the heart.

A

superior/inferior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary trunk (arteries)
pulmonary veins (2L/2R)

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12
Q

The left atrium is also known as the ________.

A

base

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13
Q

Which heart chamber is the apex at?

A

left ventricle

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14
Q

The mediastinum is the area of thoracic cavity between the ________ ________.

A

pleural sacs

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15
Q

The heart lies between vertebrae T____ and T_____ in recumbent position.

A

T5

T8

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16
Q

The apex is located at the _____ intercostal space in the __________ line.

A

5th

midclavicular

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17
Q

Which heart chamber lies posterior most?

Which structure does it lie anterior too?

A

Left atrium (base)

Eosophagus

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18
Q

The heart attaches inferiorly with the ______.

A

central tendon of diaphragm

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19
Q

Which structures lies posterior to the heart?

3 points

A

oesophagus
T5-T8
descending aorta

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20
Q

Outline the layers of the heart, starting from innermost.

A
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium
  • pericardial cavity
  • parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • fibrous pericardium
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21
Q

Describe the endocardium layer, starting from innermost.

A
  • epithelium
  • basement membrane
  • connective tissue
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22
Q

What is contained within the myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle

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23
Q

Describe the epicardium layer, starting from innermost.

A
  • connective tissue
  • BM
  • epithelium
24
Q

Describe the epithelial layer of the epicardium.

What is this layer also known as?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

25
Q

Which layer of the heart wall forms heart valves?

A

Endocardium

26
Q

What is the name given to cells which make up cardiac muscle?

A

myocytes

27
Q

Intercalated discs are __________ structures containing ____________.

A

anchoring

gap junctions/desmosomes

28
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are ________ striated, _____ing, ____________ cells, which connect by means of ____________ to form a functional network.

A

faintly
branching
mononucleated
intercalated discs

29
Q

The AP travels through all cells connected together forming a __________ _________ in which cells __________ as a unit.

A 
function syncytium
function
30
Q

In which layer are the main branches of coronary arteries?

A

epicardium

31
Q

What other tissue type may be found around the coronary artery branches?

A

fat

32
Q

Name the four chambers of the heart in the order that blood travels through.

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

33
Q

Which structures control the direction of blood flow?

A

heart valves

34
Q

What are the names given to the thin structures derived from endocardium in heart valves?

A

cusps

35
Q

________ _________ and ________ muscles prevent valve failure.

A

chordae tendineae

papillary

36
Q

What is the clinical term for the narrowing of the heart valves?

A

stenosis

37
Q

What is the clinical term for the widening of the heart valves?

A

incompetence

38
Q

What is a common infection which can affect the heart valves?

A

bacterial endocarditis

39
Q

Name the four heart valves in the order that blood would pass through them.

A

tricuspid valve
pulmonary valve
mitral valve
aortic valve

40
Q

What is another name for the tricuspid and mitral valves?

A

right atrioventricular valve

left atrioventricular valve

41
Q

What is another name for the mitral valve, relating to its cusps?

A

bicuspid valve

42
Q

The aortic and pulmonary valves are the _________ valves, each having _____ cusps.

A

semilunar

3

43
Q

What is clinical term given for the narrowing of the aortic valve?

A

aortic stenosis

44
Q

Failure of the aortic valve to close tightly causes ________ of ______ into the ______.

A

back flow
blood
left ventricle

45
Q

Outline the two main functions of the fibrous cardiac skeleton.

A

Structural support

Electrical insulation

46
Q

The fibrous cardiac skeleton is composed of _______ _______ _______.

A

dense connective tissue

47
Q

The fibrous cardiac skeleton lies in which plane?

A

between the atria and ventricles

48
Q

In which ways does the fibrous cardiac skeleton provide structural support?

4 points

A

atrioventricular septum
roots for great vessels
anchorage for valves
myocytes network

49
Q

In which ways does the fibrous cardiac skeleton provide electrical insulation?

2 points

A

Insulation between atria and ventricles.

Insulation between myocardium and great vessels.

50
Q

At systole, which configuration is the aortic valve in?

What state are the aortic sinuses at this point?

A

open

shielded

51
Q

At diastole, which configuration is the aortic valve in?

What state are the aortic sinuses at this point?

A

closed

open - blood enters coronary arteries

52
Q

At diastole, myocardium ________ and blood ___________.

A

relaxes

flows into the capillaries

53
Q

What does occlusion of the coronary arteries lead to?

A

myocardial infarction

54
Q

What holds the heart in place?

A

It hangs by great vessels within fibrous pericardium.

It is also attached inferiorly to the central tendon of the diaphragm.

55
Q

The ______ layer of the serous pericardium is bound to the heart. This is known as the _______.

A

visceral

epicardium

56
Q

The ______ layer is on the most lateral and is bound to the _______ _________.

A

parietal

fibrous pericardium

Cardiovascular System (37 decks)

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