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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy of the CVS 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the structure of a blood vessel consist of, starting from innermost?

A

tunica extrena
tunica media
tunica intima

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2
Q

Heart & blood vessel are _______: Heart is really an expanded, folded, _________ blood vessel

A

similar

muscular

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3
Q

If we are to say the heart and blood vessels are similar in structure, which would each layer in the heart wall correspond to in blood vessel?

A 
Endocardium = tunica intima 
Myocardium = tunica media
Epicardium = tunica externa
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4
Q

Arteries have a ________ diameter than accompanying vein.

A

smaller

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5
Q

Veins have a ________ wall than accompanying artery.

A

thinner

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6
Q

Arteries have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.

A

media

externa

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7
Q

Veins have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.

A

externa

media

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8
Q

Individual diameters arteries are _____ ______ arterioles.

A

greater than

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9
Q

Total cross sectional area of arteries are _______ _______ arterioles.

A

less than (there are thousands of arterioles)

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10
Q

What are the three types of arteries?

Give example of each?

A

Elastic - aorta, common carotid

Muscular - femoral, coronary

Arterioles - terminal branches supplying blood to capillary bed (the taps).

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11
Q

Elastic arteries (e.g. aorta) can be thought of as a ________ reservoir.

A

pressure

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12
Q

What happens to the aorta during systole?

A

It is stretched, and it stores this energy in the tunica media.

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13
Q

During diastole the heart ______, pressure ________, the artery recoils thereby ________ ________ on the blood.

A

relaxes
falls
maintaining pressure

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14
Q

In elastic arteries, the recoil and stretchability is due to presence of extensive amounts of ______ _______ in the tunica ______ in the form of layers = _______.

A

elastic fibres
media
laminae

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15
Q

The elastic fibres are secreted by the _______ ________ cells.

A

smooth muscle

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16
Q

Muscular arteries control __________ of blood to regions.

A

distribution

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17
Q

In muscular arteries, the ______ tunica media has ________ _________ cells.

A

thick

smooth muscle

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18
Q

In muscular arteries, what is not present between muscle cells in the tunica media?

A

elastic fibres (elastic laminae)

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19
Q

Where are the elastic fibres concentrated in muscular arteries.

A

In 2 well defined sheets.

At the tunica interna = internal elastic lamina (IEL)

At the border of the tunica media/externa = outer elastic lamina (OEL)

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20
Q

How do arterioles differ from muscular arteries?

3 points

A
  • No tunica externa
  • Only 2 layers of smooth muscle cell in tunica media.
  • No internal elastic lamina (IEL)
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21
Q

Why are the arteries though of as like ‘taps’?

A

They allow control over blood flow to capillary beds and blood pressure.

22
Q

Arterioles have a _____ _______ _____ innervation.

A

rich sympathetic nerve

23
Q

What is the name of the main gas exchange vessels in the systemic circulation?

A

capillaries

24
Q

Capillaries are ____ ______ walled.

A

very thin (about 1 cell thick)

25
Q

Capillaries contain a tunica ______ only.

This is made up of ________ on __________.

A

intima

epithelium
a basement membrane

26
Q

________ – incomplete layer of cells surrounding the basement membrane – they have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

A

Pericytes

27
Q

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in the body is _______ _______ the diameter of aorta.

Therefore blood pressure in the capillaries is ________.

A

greater than

LOW!

28
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

29
Q

Continuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

A

complete

continuous

30
Q

Fenestrated capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

A

complete

fenestrated (broken)

31
Q

Discontinuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.

A

incomplete

fenestrated (broken)

32
Q

Which type of capillary allows free passage of fluid and cells?

A

discontinuos

33
Q

In which capillary type must material pass through cell, or between cell?

A

continuous

34
Q

Which capillary type can control what is exchanged?

A

continuous

35
Q

What is the name of large diameter discontinuous capillaries?

Where are they found?

A

sinusoids

Found where large amount of exchange takes place.

36
Q

What does AV stand for in AV shunt?

What is its function?

A

Arteriovenous

By passes capillary beds e.g. thermoregulation

37
Q

In veins, the tunica ______ is thin;

the tunica ______ is thin or absent;

____ and ____ are thin or absent.

A

intima

media

IEL, OEL

38
Q

In veins, the tunica externa is made up of _________ tissue.

A

collagenous

39
Q

What projects into the endothelial lumen of veins to prevent back flow of blood?

A

valves

40
Q

Superficial veins are ________ walled and have ________ surrounding support.

A

thick

no

41
Q

Deep veins are ________ walled and have ____________ surrounding support.

A

thin

deep fascia and muscle

42
Q

Lymphatic system ______ tissue fluid lost from ________ ________.

A

drains

blood capillaries

43
Q

The lymphatic system drains into the __________ ________ system.

A

systemic venous

44
Q

______ _______ are found alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries.

A

Lymph nodes

45
Q

Lymph capillaries are lined by ____ ______ ______.

A

very thin endothelium

46
Q

Lymph capillaries do not have a ______ __________.

A

basal lamina

47
Q

_______ _________ – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell (lymph capillary) to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open.

A

Anchoring filaments

48
Q

No _______ _________ cells are found in lumen of lymphatic capillaries.

A

red blood

49
Q

What is the name given to the vessels which supply the blood vessels?

A

vasa vasorum

50
Q

What layer of the blood vessel wall are the lymphatics located in?

A

tunica externa

Cardiovascular System (37 decks)

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