Anatomy of the CVS 2 Flashcards
What does the structure of a blood vessel consist of, starting from innermost?
tunica extrena
tunica media
tunica intima
Heart & blood vessel are _______: Heart is really an expanded, folded, _________ blood vessel
similar
muscular
If we are to say the heart and blood vessels are similar in structure, which would each layer in the heart wall correspond to in blood vessel?
Endocardium = tunica intima Myocardium = tunica media Epicardium = tunica externa
Arteries have a ________ diameter than accompanying vein.
smaller
Veins have a ________ wall than accompanying artery.
thinner
Arteries have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.
media
externa
Veins have a thick tunica ________, and a thin tunica _________.
externa
media
Individual diameters arteries are _____ ______ arterioles.
greater than
Total cross sectional area of arteries are _______ _______ arterioles.
less than (there are thousands of arterioles)
What are the three types of arteries?
Give example of each?
Elastic - aorta, common carotid
Muscular - femoral, coronary
Arterioles - terminal branches supplying blood to capillary bed (the taps).
Elastic arteries (e.g. aorta) can be thought of as a ________ reservoir.
pressure
What happens to the aorta during systole?
It is stretched, and it stores this energy in the tunica media.
During diastole the heart ______, pressure ________, the artery recoils thereby ________ ________ on the blood.
relaxes
falls
maintaining pressure
In elastic arteries, the recoil and stretchability is due to presence of extensive amounts of ______ _______ in the tunica ______ in the form of layers = _______.
elastic fibres
media
laminae
The elastic fibres are secreted by the _______ ________ cells.
smooth muscle
Muscular arteries control __________ of blood to regions.
distribution
In muscular arteries, the ______ tunica media has ________ _________ cells.
thick
smooth muscle
In muscular arteries, what is not present between muscle cells in the tunica media?
elastic fibres (elastic laminae)
Where are the elastic fibres concentrated in muscular arteries.
In 2 well defined sheets.
At the tunica interna = internal elastic lamina (IEL)
At the border of the tunica media/externa = outer elastic lamina (OEL)
How do arterioles differ from muscular arteries?
3 points
- No tunica externa
- Only 2 layers of smooth muscle cell in tunica media.
- No internal elastic lamina (IEL)
Why are the arteries though of as like ‘taps’?
They allow control over blood flow to capillary beds and blood pressure.
Arterioles have a _____ _______ _____ innervation.
rich sympathetic nerve
What is the name of the main gas exchange vessels in the systemic circulation?
capillaries
Capillaries are ____ ______ walled.
very thin (about 1 cell thick)
Capillaries contain a tunica ______ only.
This is made up of ________ on __________.
intima
epithelium
a basement membrane
________ – incomplete layer of cells surrounding the basement membrane – they have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.
Pericytes
Sum of diameters of all capillaries in the body is _______ _______ the diameter of aorta.
Therefore blood pressure in the capillaries is ________.
greater than
LOW!
What are the three types of capillaries?
Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous
Continuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.
complete
continuous
Fenestrated capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.
complete
fenestrated (broken)
Discontinuous capillaries have a ________ basal lamina and a __________ endothelial lining.
incomplete
fenestrated (broken)
Which type of capillary allows free passage of fluid and cells?
discontinuos
In which capillary type must material pass through cell, or between cell?
continuous
Which capillary type can control what is exchanged?
continuous
What is the name of large diameter discontinuous capillaries?
Where are they found?
sinusoids
Found where large amount of exchange takes place.
What does AV stand for in AV shunt?
What is its function?
Arteriovenous
By passes capillary beds e.g. thermoregulation
In veins, the tunica ______ is thin;
the tunica ______ is thin or absent;
____ and ____ are thin or absent.
intima
media
IEL, OEL
In veins, the tunica externa is made up of _________ tissue.
collagenous
What projects into the endothelial lumen of veins to prevent back flow of blood?
valves
Superficial veins are ________ walled and have ________ surrounding support.
thick
no
Deep veins are ________ walled and have ____________ surrounding support.
thin
deep fascia and muscle
Lymphatic system ______ tissue fluid lost from ________ ________.
drains
blood capillaries
The lymphatic system drains into the __________ ________ system.
systemic venous
______ _______ are found alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries.
Lymph nodes
Lymph capillaries are lined by ____ ______ ______.
very thin endothelium
Lymph capillaries do not have a ______ __________.
basal lamina
_______ _________ – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell (lymph capillary) to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open.
Anchoring filaments
No _______ _________ cells are found in lumen of lymphatic capillaries.
red blood
What is the name given to the vessels which supply the blood vessels?
vasa vasorum
What layer of the blood vessel wall are the lymphatics located in?
tunica externa
