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TAP > Embryology of Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

Embryology of Heart and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissues will the trophoblast form?

A

Extra embryonic tissue (e.g. placenta)

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2
Q

What cell type will give rise to the amniotic membrane/cavity?

A

Epiblast, dorsal aspect of the disc

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3
Q

What forms the primitive yolk sac?

A

Hypoblast, Ventral part of the disc

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4
Q

What week does gastrulation occur?

A

3

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5
Q

What important things is the cardiac crescent ABOVE? (i.e more cranial)

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

Developing forebrain

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6
Q

What kind of mesoderm gives rise to all layers of heart progenitors?

A

Splanchnic

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7
Q

What do hemangioblasts form when exposed to vascular endothelial growth factors? What follows?

A

Blood cells and blood islands. Blood islands unite to form paired endothelial lined endocardial heart tubes.

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8
Q

How are endocardial primordium cells formed?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm cells that differentiate into epithelial cells

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9
Q

What secretes cardiac jelly? What is it?

A

ECM between endothelial cell of heart tube and cardiac myocytes. Secreted by myocardial cells.

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10
Q

What are the venous drainage points and outflow tracts of developing heart when its a tube?

A 
Venous drainage = caudal pole
Outflow tract (aortic arch) = cranial pole
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11
Q

How is the developing heart suspended in the pericardial cavity? What is its fate?

A

Dorsal mesocardium, which ultimately breaks down and gives rise to the transverse pericardial cavity.

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12
Q

What are the cranial and caudal attachments of the developing heart tube?

A 
Cranial = pharyngeal arches
Caudal = Transverse septum
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13
Q

What is the direct of blood flow in the primitive heart?

A

Horns of sinus venosus -> Atria (LA) -> Ventricle (LV) -> Bulbis cordis (RA, RV mostly) -> truncus arteriosus (Ao, PA)

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14
Q

How is the asymmetry of the heart formed?

A

Bending to the RIGHT as part of dextral looping

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15
Q

Which primitive part of the heart experiences the most differential growth?

A

Bulbis cordis

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16
Q

What looping does the cephalic (e.g. bulbis cordis) portion experience?

A

Ventral
Caudal
Right

17
Q

What looping does the caudal portion experience?

A

Dorsal
Cranial
Left

18
Q

What happens to the umbilical veins between weeks 4 and 8?

A

The left if left

The right regresses

19
Q

What do the common cardinal veins become between weeks 4 and 8?

A

Brachiocephalic veins

SVC

20
Q

What is the remnants of the left sinus horn?

A

Oblique vein of LA

and coronary sinus

21
Q

What is the remnant of the right sinus horn?

A

Incorporated into RA as SMOOTH walled portion (sinus venarum) of RA

22
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

Dividing line between the trabeculated wall (primitive atrium) and smooth wall (from right sinus horn)

23
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

Shunt to the liver in fetal circulation

24
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

Hole in fetal circulation that shunts blood from the RA to LA.

25
Q

What is the adult remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

26
Q

What is the adult remnant of the ductus venous?

A

Ligamentum venosum

27
Q

What is the adult remnant of the ductus arteriosus?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

28
Q

What is the adult remnant of the umbilical arteries?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

29
Q

What cell types do splanchnic mesoderm give rise to?

A

Cartilage, muscle, connective tissue, vascular network

30
Q

What is the lung bud?

A

Respiratory diverticulum, a down growth of the endoderm tube

31
Q

What is the tracheoesophageal septum?

A

A wall that grows caudally between the respiratory diverticulum bud that develops off the esophagus

32
Q

What is tracheal esophageal atresia?

A

Tracheal esophageal septum is interfered with resulting in a blind ended esophagus.

Lower esophagus may or may not form a fistula with the trachea

TAP (12 decks)

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