Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Embryology and congenital malformations > Flashcards

Embryology and congenital malformations Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological structure does the nervous system develop from?

A

Embryonic ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the CNS appear?

A

Around the beginning of week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the neural tube form?

A

When the neural folds migrate towards the midline and fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What conditions may result from failure of the neural tubes to close?

A

Spina bifida (posterior neuropore)
Encephalocoele (rostral neural tube)
Anencephaly (anterior neuropore)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes spina bifida?

A

Vertebral arches don’t close
Posterior neuropore doesn’t close
This affects tissues of the overlying spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a sign of spina bifida oculta?

A

Tuft of hair

Most mild form of spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a sign of spina bifida cystica?

A

Sac on back

Spinal cord protrudes through gap in vertebral arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some methods of prenatal screening?

A

Amniocentesis
Maternal blood screening
US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What embryological structure does the ventricular system form from?

A

Lumen of the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the choroid plexus lie?

A

3rd, 4th and lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

A

Produces CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the choroid plexus drain?

A

In the sub-arachnoid space via an opening in the roof of the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Enlarged brain/cranium due to accumulation of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What forms the PNS neurons and glia?

A

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of cell differentiates to form neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells?

A

Neuroepithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the benefits of cortical folding?

A

Saves space

Brings different regions closer together to optimise functional organisation

17
Q

What are the effects of lissencephaly (“smooth brain”)

A

May result in seizures

Abnormal muscle tone

18
Q

What are the effects of polymicrogyria (excessive number of small gyri)?

A

Mental retardation
Seizures
Motor deficits

19
Q

What causes porencephaly (CSF filled cysts)

A

Post-natal stroke

Infection

20
Q

What is diastematomyelia?

A

Split cord longitudinally

21
Q

What does diastematomyelia cause?

A

Weakness
Foot deformities
Scoliosis

22
Q

What is the most common cause of intellectual impairment?

A

Maternal alcohol abuse

23
Q

What are some causes of intellectual impairment?

A 
Genetic (Down's)
Radiation
Infectious agents (rubella)
Trauma 
Maternal alcohol abuse

Neuro (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions