Cerebral infarction Flashcards
What is a stroke?
Sudden onset of focal or global neurological symptoms as a result of ischaemia or haemorrhage and lasting more than 24 hours
What is a TIA?
Transient ischaemic attack
Stroke symptoms which resolve in less than 24 hours
What are some causes of an ischaemic stroke?
Large artery atherosclerosis
Small artery occlusion (eg lacune)
Cardioembolic (eg AF)
Cryptogenic
What are some causes of haemorrhagic stroke?
Primary intracerebral haemorrhage
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Arteriovenous malformation
What are the main non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?
Previous stroke Age Male FH DM Hyper-coagulable states like malignancy
What are the main modifiable risk factors for stroke?
Diet Blood pressure Smoking Exercise Drugs
What are some functions of the frontal lobe which may be affected by a stroke?
Abstraction Memory Concentration Reasoning Motor control of speech Urinary continence Emotion/personality
What are some functions of the parietal lobe which may be affected by a stroke?
Touch Pressure Proprioception Spatial orientation Ability to perform learned motor tasks
What are some functions of the temporal lobe which may be affected by a stroke?
Hearing (primary auditory receptive area)
Comprehension of speech (Wernicke’s area)
What are some functions of the occipital lobe which may be affected by a stroke?
Vision (primary visual cortex)
Visual perception
Involuntary smooth eye movement
What are some features of a Total Anterior Circulating Stroke (TACS)?
Hemiparesis
Hemianopia
Inattention on non-dominant side
Dysphasia on dominant side
What are some features of a Partial Anterior Circulating Stroke (PACS)?
Inattention
Monparesis
Dysphasia
What are some features of a Lacunar Stroke (LACS)?
No effect on higher function
Dysarthria
Weakness
Ataxic hemiparesis
What are some features of a Posterior Circulation Stroke?
Hemianopia
Vertigo
Double vision
Loss of balance
Why may migraine aura occur due to stroke?
Cortical spreading depression
