Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Terminology of utero development: 0-3 weeks

A
  • conceptus/embryo
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2
Q

Terminology of utero development: 3-8 weeks

A
  • embryonic period
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3
Q

Terminology of utero development: 9-40 weeks

A

-fetal period

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4
Q

What are the 6 phases of embryogenesis?

A
  • gametogenesis
  • fertilisation
  • cleavage
  • gastrulation
  • formation of a body plan
  • organogenesis
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5
Q

Explain gametogenesis

A
  • formation of gametes

- a gamete is a cell with a complement of 23 chromosomes

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6
Q

Process of the formation of male gametes

A
  • spermatogenesis
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7
Q

Process of the formation of female gametes

A
  • oogenesis
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8
Q

Explain the process of fertilisation

A
  • union of gametes
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9
Q

Explain the process of cleavage

A
  • period of rapid cell division

- rapid mitotic cell division with no increase in size

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10
Q

Explain the process of gastrulation

A
  • formation of the germ layers
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11
Q

What are the names of the 3 layers created during gastrulation?

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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12
Q

What happens during the formation of the body plan?

A
  • embryonic folding
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13
Q

Explain the process of organogenesis

A
  • formation of organs and organ systems
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14
Q

What occurs during the Foetal period?

A
  • growth and weight gain
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15
Q

What does the primary process of induction represent?

A
  • ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate
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16
Q

What does epigenetic mean?

A
  • preferential expression of either the maternal of parental copy of a gene
17
Q

What is fertilisation?

A
  • sperm binds to the glycoprotein –> zona pellucida
  • acrosomal enzymes of the sperm breaks its way into the egg
  • egg and sperm plasma fuse
18
Q

What does sperm entry into the zona pellicuida trigger?

A
  • triggers the end of meiosis 2 and causes the release of cortical granules by the oocyte
19
Q

Where does fertilisation normally occur?

A
  • the ampulla of the uterine tube
20
Q

What is cleavage?

A
  • the zygote undergoes many mitotic divisions to divide the egg into daughter cells –> blastomere
21
Q

Up to 8 cells in the zona pellicuida, they are all____

A
  • totipotent
22
Q

What is mosaicism?

A
  • individuals with 2 or more cell lines with different chromosome complements
23
Q

Morula is the name given when there are more than __ cells

A
  • 16+ blastomeres
24
Q

What day does implantation normally occur, and where?

A
  • day 6

- posterior or anterior wall of the uterine wall

25
Q

What 2 layers is the bilaminar embryo made up of?

A
  • epiblast

- hypoblast

26
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A
  • implantation outwit the uterus
27
Q

what week does the primative streak form?

A
  • week 3
28
Q

Explain the process of gasturlation

A
  • movement of epiblast through the primitive streak

- body axis formed

29
Q

hypoblast cells are replaced by what?

A
  • definitive endoderm
30
Q

The epiblast of the bilaminar embryo becomes what in the formation of a triliminar?

A
  • ectoderm
31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the trilaminar disk?

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
32
Q

What does the ectoderm become?

A
  • dermis
  • skin
  • nails
33
Q

What does the mesoderm become?

A
  • axial skeleton
  • organs
  • urogential
34
Q

What does the endoderm become?

A
  • lining of the :
  • resp tract
  • GI tract