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GI Year 2 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in week 1?

A

Fertilisation to implantation

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2
Q

What happens in week 2?

A

Bilaminar germ disc

Establish the body of axes

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3
Q

What’s the transcription factor for establishing left sidedness?

A

PTX2

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4
Q

What happens in week 3?

A

Trilaminar disc (gastrulation)

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5
Q

What happens in weeks 3-8?

A

Organogenesis

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6
Q

What’re the phases of embryonic development?

A

1) growth/ proliferation
2) morphogenesis
- development of shape, size of an organ or body part
3) differentiation
- maturation of physiological processes

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7
Q

During what weeks may exposure to teratogens lead to major congenital abnormalities?

A

4-8

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8
Q

What does the gut tube form from?

A

Endoderm lining the yolk sac during weeks 3-4

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9
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to?

A

Parietal and visceral mesoderm

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10
Q

What is the gut tube closed at either end by?

A

Cranial=oropharyngeal membrane

Caudal=cloacal membrane

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11
Q

Where does the laryngo-tracheal diverticulum (lung bud) develop from?

A

Ventral wall

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12
Q

What divides the trachea and oesophagus?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal septum

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13
Q

What rotations does the stomach undergo?

A

1) 90 degree

2) anterio-posterior to create final adult position

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14
Q

What attaches the stomach to both the dorsal and ventral wall?

A

Mesogastrium

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15
Q

How is the lesser sac created?

A

Rotation along longitudinal axis pulls dorsal mesentry to the left and the ventral mesogastrium is pilles to the right

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16
Q

At which week does the liver bud appear at?

A

Middle of the third week

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17
Q

What does the liver bud form from?

A

Outgrowth of the endoderm in the distal end of the foregut

18
Q

What does the liver bud grow into?

A

Septum transversum

19
Q

What narrows to form the bile duct?

A

Connection between the foregut and liver bud

20
Q

Ventral outgrowth from the bile duct forms what?

A

Gallbladder and cystic duct

21
Q

At which week does the spleen form?

A

5th

22
Q

The spleen is a derivative of what?

A

Mesochymal derivative

23
Q

What is the function of spleen up to week 14?

A

Acts as a haemopoeitic organ forming RBCs, WBCs and bone marrow

24
Q

Spleen function weeks 15-17?

A

Colonised by lymphocytes

25
Q

What happens to the spleen at week 23?

A

B cell precursors arrive

26
Q

What is the pancreas formed from?

A

Dorsal and ventral buds, which grow from the endodermal lining in week 5

27
Q

What is an oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula?

A

If the tracheo-oesophageal septum fails to deviate correctly then there is an incomplete separation

28
Q

What’s an annular pancreas?

A

Ventral dud fails to move round the duodenum correctly.
May cause duodenal stenosis
Pancreatic tissue many form in other areas of the foregut= accessory pancreatic tissue

29
Q

What will the cephalon part of the primary intestinal tube form?

A

Distal duodenum
Jejunum
Proximal ileum

30
Q

Caudal part of primary intestinal tube will form?

A

Distal ileum
Caecum
Ascending Colom
Proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon

31
Q

Why and when does the gut tube herniate into the extra-embryonic cavity?

A

Week 6. Allows growth. Will go back in about week 10

32
Q

What’s omphalocele?

A

Herniation of abdominal viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring

33
Q

What’s gastrochisis?

A

Herniation of contents into the amniotic cavity

Not covered by an anion or peritoneum

34
Q

What’s the endoderm/ectoderm boundary in the hindgut?

A

Cloacal membrane

35
Q

Foregut/midgut/hindgut boundaries

A

Foregut=pharynx>bile duct opening
Midgut=bile duct opening>2/3 of transverse colon
Hindgut=2/3 of transverse colon>rectum

36
Q

What’s the allantois?

A

Urethra and bladder

37
Q

Where does the epithelium have it’s origins?

A

Endoderm

38
Q

Connective tissue orgins?

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

Remenant of yolk sac?

A

Viteline

40
Q

What was the job of the falciforme ligament?

A

Carry O2 blood from mother to liver

GI Year 2 (22 decks)

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