Anatomy

Question 1

What’re ligaments?

Answer 1

Double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall

Question 2

What links the 2 peritoneal sacs?

Answer 2

Epiploic foramen

Question 3

What’s the peritoneum?

Answer 3

Potential space (like the pleural cavity)

Question 4

Why is the pancreatic cancer survival rate so low?

Answer 4

It’s 1% as the pancreas is so close to other organs that it passes very easily

Question 5

Where does the pain from blood accumulation in the diaphragm radiate to?

Answer 5

The left shoulder

Question 6

Path of blood through the GI tract?

Answer 6

Artery>portal veins> IVC

Question 7

Retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 7

Suprarrenal glands
Abdominal aorta/IVC
Duodenum (-the most proximal 2cm)

Pancreas (-tail)
Ureterers
Colon(ascending and descending)
Kidneys 
E oesophagus 
Rectum

Question 8

Intraperitoneal organs

Answer 8

Spleen
Stomach
Liver
Transverse colon

Question 9

What’re the only things that can pass through the peritoneum?

Answer 9

Macrophages

Question 10

3 constrictions of the oesophagus

Answer 10

1) cervical
- 15cm from incisor teeth (IT)
2) thoracic
- crossed by branch of aorta (22.5cm from IT)and left main bronchus (27.5cm from IT)
3) diaphragmatic
- passes through oesophageal hiatus (40cm from IT)

Question 11

What makes up the stomach bed?

Answer 11

Diaphragm
Spleen
Kidney
Suprarenal gland
Splenic artery 
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon
Colon

Question 12

What’s congenital pyloric stenosis?

Answer 12

Thickening does smooth muscle in the pylorus

Question 13

Surface landmark of the liver

Answer 13

Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right hand side

Question 14

Surface landmark of gallbladder

Answer 14

Tip of 9th costal cartilage

Question 15

Endocrine and exocrine functions of pancreas

Answer 15

Exocrine (ducts)=pancreatic juice

Endocrine (blood)=insulin and glucagon

Question 16

Main branches of coeliac trunk

Answer 16

Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic

Question 17

Main branches of superior mesenteric artery

Answer 17

Jejunal

Ileal

Question 18

Distinguishing features of large intestine

Answer 18

Omental appendices 
-small, fatty like projections
Haustra/sacculations
-small pouches giving a segmented appearance 
Tendonae coli
-thickened band of smooth muscle \

Question 19

What is the appendix?

Answer 19

Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue

Question 20

Most common position of appendix

Answer 20

Retrocecal

Question 21

What’s Macburney’s point?

Answer 21

Point of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

Question 22

Main branches of inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 22

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal arteries

Question 23

Structures palpable in a rectal examination in both sexes?

Answer 23

In both:

• ischial spines and tuberoscities
• enlarged iliac nodes
• sacrum and coccyx

Males:

• prostrate
• seminal gland
• retrovesical fossa

Females:

• cervix
• retrouterine fossa

Question 24

Lymph nodes for foregut structures

Answer 24

Coeliac nodes

Question 25

Lymph nodes for midgut structures

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric group

Question 26

Lymph nodes for hindgut structures

Answer 26

Inferior mesenteric group

Question 27

Where is the entry and exit of vessels of the liver?

Answer 27

Via porta on inferior surface

Question 28

What combines to form the common bile duct?

Answer 28

Common hepatic and cystic duct

Question 29

What ducts drain into the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 29

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 30

What’s in a portal triad?

Answer 30

Hepatic portal veins 
Hepatic artery
Hepatic duct
Lymph 
Nerves

Question 31

What’re the functional cells of the liver?

Answer 31

Hepatocytes

Question 32

What’re the hepatic cords and what’re the spaces between them?

Answer 32

Hepatic cords radiate from the center

Spaces between hepatic cords=hepatic sinusoids