Anatomy Flashcards
What’re ligaments?
Double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall
What links the 2 peritoneal sacs?
Epiploic foramen
What’s the peritoneum?
Potential space (like the pleural cavity)
Why is the pancreatic cancer survival rate so low?
It’s 1% as the pancreas is so close to other organs that it passes very easily
Where does the pain from blood accumulation in the diaphragm radiate to?
The left shoulder
Path of blood through the GI tract?
Artery>portal veins> IVC
Retroperitoneal organs?
Suprarrenal glands
Abdominal aorta/IVC
Duodenum (-the most proximal 2cm)
Pancreas (-tail) Ureterers Colon(ascending and descending) Kidneys E oesophagus Rectum
Intraperitoneal organs
Spleen
Stomach
Liver
Transverse colon
What’re the only things that can pass through the peritoneum?
Macrophages
3 constrictions of the oesophagus
1) cervical
- 15cm from incisor teeth (IT)
2) thoracic
- crossed by branch of aorta (22.5cm from IT)and left main bronchus (27.5cm from IT)
3) diaphragmatic
- passes through oesophageal hiatus (40cm from IT)
What makes up the stomach bed?
Diaphragm Spleen Kidney Suprarenal gland Splenic artery Pancreas Transverse mesocolon Colon
What’s congenital pyloric stenosis?
Thickening does smooth muscle in the pylorus
Surface landmark of the liver
Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right hand side
Surface landmark of gallbladder
Tip of 9th costal cartilage
Endocrine and exocrine functions of pancreas
Exocrine (ducts)=pancreatic juice
Endocrine (blood)=insulin and glucagon
Main branches of coeliac trunk
Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic
Main branches of superior mesenteric artery
Jejunal
Ileal
Distinguishing features of large intestine
Omental appendices -small, fatty like projections Haustra/sacculations -small pouches giving a segmented appearance Tendonae coli -thickened band of smooth muscle \
What is the appendix?
Blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue
Most common position of appendix
Retrocecal
What’s Macburney’s point?
Point of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis
Main branches of inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal arteries
Structures palpable in a rectal examination in both sexes?
In both:
- ischial spines and tuberoscities
- enlarged iliac nodes
- sacrum and coccyx
Males:
- prostrate
- seminal gland
- retrovesical fossa
Females:
- cervix
- retrouterine fossa
Lymph nodes for foregut structures
Coeliac nodes
Lymph nodes for midgut structures
Superior mesenteric group
Lymph nodes for hindgut structures
Inferior mesenteric group
Where is the entry and exit of vessels of the liver?
Via porta on inferior surface
What combines to form the common bile duct?
Common hepatic and cystic duct
What ducts drain into the sphincter of Oddi?
Common bile duct and pancreatic duct
What’s in a portal triad?
Hepatic portal veins Hepatic artery Hepatic duct Lymph Nerves
What’re the functional cells of the liver?
Hepatocytes
What’re the hepatic cords and what’re the spaces between them?
Hepatic cords radiate from the center
Spaces between hepatic cords=hepatic sinusoids
