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oral biology and clinical sciences 1 > embryology > Flashcards

embryology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the name for a fertilised ovum?

A

zygote

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2
Q

what is a morula?

A

mass of cells

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3
Q

how many days in to a pregnancy is a morula formed?

A

4-6

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4
Q

what is a blastocyst?

A

hollow ball of cells with inner cell mass

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5
Q

when during pregnancy is a blastocyst formed?

A

6-10 days

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6
Q

how is the baby and mothers blood mixing prevented?

A

they are separated by a thin barrier known a the placenta

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7
Q

what is the placenta permeable to?

A

most molecules other than cells

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8
Q

when the embryonic inner cell mass forms 2 layers it is referred to?

A

bilaminar embryo

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9
Q

at how many days does the embryo become a bilaminar embryo?

A

10-12

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10
Q

what are the 2 layers of the bilarminar embryo called?

A

epiblast and hypoblast

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11
Q

what us the function of the epiblast in the bilaminar embryo?

A

gives rise to embryonic ectoderm

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12
Q

what us the function of the hypoblast in the bilaminar embryo?

A

participates in formation of endoderm and extra embryonic mesoderm

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13
Q

which twins are formed by splitting before fertilisation?

A

fraternal

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14
Q

which twins are formed from 1 egg?

A

identical

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15
Q

what is gastrulation of the embryo?

A

it forms an axis and 3 embryonic layers

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16
Q

what is the groove formed during gastrulation known as?

A

primitive streak

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17
Q

which 2 layers form the endoderm?

A

mesoderm and hypoblast

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18
Q

which cells form the mesoderm?

A

ectodermal cells

19
Q

what is the name given to the early 3 layered embryo?

A

trilaminar embryo

20
Q

what does the primitive streak develop into?

A

neural tube

21
Q

when does the neural tube develop?

A

3-8 weeks

22
Q

what is the name given to the development of organs from the 3 basic germ layers?

A

organogenesis

23
Q

what is one of the 1st organs to form in an embryo?

A

CNS

24
Q

what embryonic structure forms the CNS?

A

neural tube

25
Q

what is the name of the 4th embryonic layer?

A

ectomesenchyme

26
Q

which layer forms the ectomesenchyme?

A

ectoderm

27
Q

which layer of the embryo is important for the development of the head?

A

ectomesenchyme

28
Q

when in the development of an embryo does it start to take shape?

A

4 weeks

29
Q

at which point in the development of a foetus does it have developed organs ?

A

9 weeks

30
Q

when does an embryo become a foetus?

A

9 weeks

31
Q

name the 3 cell types that all body cells come from

A

ectoderm (outer covering) mesoderm (middle) and endoderm (inner lining)

32
Q

what structures does the ectoderm produce?

A

skin, mucous membrane, brain, spinal cord, TOOTH ENAMEL

33
Q

what structures does the mesoderm produce?

A

connective tissue, muscle, blood vessels, kidneys, urinary system, reproductive system, serous membranes

34
Q

what structures does the endoderm produce?

A

alimentary canal, respiratory system, urogenital organs

35
Q

which stem cells are totipotent?

A

embryonic

36
Q

which stem cells are pluripotent?

A

adult

37
Q

what structures does the ectomesenchyme produce?

A

PNS, melanocytes, adrenal medulla, mesenchyme in head, DENTIN, PULP, PDL, JAW BONES

38
Q

which period of pregnancy is of greatest sensitivity?

A

week 3-12

39
Q

at which point of pregnancy do most developmental abnormalities occur?

A

week 3-12

40
Q

which structure dives the ectoderm to proliferate to form the neural tube?

A

notochord

41
Q

during development of the neural tube 2 clusters form above, these are known as?

A

neural crest

42
Q

what tissue is the neural crest derived from?

A

ectoderm

43
Q

what does the neural crest form?

A

ectomessenchyme

44
Q

are stem cells from the 3 germ layers totipotent or pluripotent?

A

pluripotent

oral biology and clinical sciences 1 (18 decks)

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