development of dentition Flashcards

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1
Q

what is orthodontics?

A

branch of dentistry concerned with facial growth, development of dentition and occlusion, and with the diagnosis, interception and treatment of occlusal anomalies

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2
Q

name the 13 dental specialities

A
  • endodontics
  • periodontics
  • oral surgery
  • oral microbiology
  • oral and maxillofacial pathology
  • prosthodontics
  • peadiatrics
  • dental public health
  • dental and maxillofacial radiology
  • special care
  • restorative dentistry
  • orthodontics
  • oral medicine
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3
Q

what are the 4 stages of the development of the dentition?

A
  • newborn
  • primary (deciduous) dentition
  • mixed dentition
  • permanent dentition
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4
Q

describe the newborn dentition

A
  • upper rounded gum pad
  • lower ‘U’ shaped gum pad
  • anterior open bite
  • often appear skeletal class 2
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5
Q

what are the 3 anterior/posterior jaw relationships?

A
  • skeletal class 1
  • skeletal class 2
  • skeletal class 3
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6
Q

describe skeletal class 1

A
  • normal

- mandible 2-3mm posterior to maxilla

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7
Q

describe skeletal class 2

A

mandible retruded relative to maxilla (set back chin)

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8
Q

describe skeletal class 3

A

mandible protruded relative to maxilla (chin stick out)

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9
Q

a tooth already erupted at birth is known as?

A

a natal tooth

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10
Q

a clift lip and palate can be unilateral or bilateral, what do both of these terms mean?

A

unilateral - 1 sided

bilateral - on both sides

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11
Q

when on average does the 1st deciduous tooth erupt?

A

6 months

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12
Q

when on average will all deciduous teeth have erupted?

A

3 years

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13
Q

which deciduous teeth tend to erupt first, uppers or lowers?

A

lowers

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14
Q

in what order do the deciduous teeth erupt?

A

A > B > D > C > E

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15
Q

on average, what age do children tend to have a mixed dentition?

A

6-13

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16
Q

what are the first adult teeth to erupt?

A

1st premolars and incisors

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17
Q

what is the first adult tooth to erupt?

A

lower 6 or lower 1

18
Q

compare permanent incisors to deciduous incisors

A
  • permanent wider

- permanent more proclined

19
Q

how long after the upper 1s erupt should the upper 2s erupt?

A

6 months

20
Q

which teeth erupt in stage A?

A
  • 1st premolars and incisors
21
Q

which is the last tooth to erupt during stage A?

A

lateral incisors

22
Q

what is hyperdontia?

A

extra teeth

23
Q

what is the name of the condition which results in extra teeth?

A

hyperdontia/ supernumerary teeth

24
Q

what is the name of the condition which results in a tooth/teeth not erupting?

A

hypodontia

25
Q

what is the name for the condition which results in a small tooth?

A

microdont

26
Q

what is the name for the condition which results in a large tooth?

A

macrodont

27
Q

when the upper incisors sit behind the lowers, this is known as?

A

anterior cross bite or reverse overjet

28
Q

when the top teeth point outwards over the bottom, its known as?

A

increased overjet

29
Q

during stage B, in what order do the lower teeth tend to erupt?

A

3 > 4 > 5

30
Q

when the top back teeth bite down inside the bottom back teeth this is known as?

A

posterior cross bite

31
Q

during stage B, in what order do the upper teeth tend to erupt?

A

4 > 5 > 3

32
Q

in order to accommodate more secondary teeth, arch length must increase, where does the arch increase from?

A

posterior to 1st deciduous molar

33
Q

what is the name of the condition which results in the swapping of position of 2 adjacent teeth?

A

transposition

34
Q

an unerupted tooth in the palate is known as?

A

palatal ectopic tooth

35
Q

how is a palatal ectopic tooth moved into place?

A

fixed appliance

36
Q

the ideal static occlusion has 6 features, name these

A
  • incisors sit slightly proclined, lower incised edge in contact with cingulum plateau of maxillary teeth
  • mesiobuccal cusp of upper permanent molar occludes with buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar
  • long axis of the teeth have slight medial inclination except lower incisors
  • tight approximate contacts with no rotation
  • flat occlusal plane or slight curve of spee
  • crowns of canines back to the molars have lingual inclination
37
Q

name the 4 incisor classifications

A
  • class I
  • class II div I
  • class II div II
  • class III
38
Q

describe incisor classification I

A
  • lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of upper central incisors
  • normal
39
Q

describe incisor classification II div I

A
  • lower incisor edges lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors
  • upper central incisors proclined or of average inclination
  • overjet increased
40
Q

describe incisor classification II div II

A
  • lower incisor edges lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors
  • upper central incisors are retroclined
  • overjet minimal
41
Q

describe incisor classification III

A
  • lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors
  • overjet reduced or reversed