Elizabethan England Vignia

Question 1

Walter ralaigh (4)

Answer 1

Born to gentry family
Explorer & courtier in Elizabeth I reign
1584 grant given by Elizabeth I settle in North America (even tho had 2 failed attempts already
Raleigh not go as on Elizabeth I favourite courtiers

Question 2

Walter raleigh promoting virginia (3)

Answer 2

Sent fact-finding expedition 1584
Explorers able trade: guns/utensils/metal knives (only wooden N America), for game/fish/nuts/variety fruit & veg
Indians welcomed English

Question 3

Walter raleigh promoting virginia (4)

Answer 3

Expedition brought accounts to England describe area in N America as paradise:
Persuade people leave homes & make dangerous voyage
Convinced people they would find fortunes
Important as after failed attempts prior people spread rumours fantastical monsters & savages

Question 4

Raleigh raising promoting virginia benefits (4)

Answer 4

Native Americans trade things cheap English goods e.g. wool & cloth
Colony prov work for English merchants & cloth makers
Colony prov exotic materials e.g. gold & tobacco, could be brought back to England
Gains plenty revenue English gov

Question 5

Walter raleigh raising funds for virginia elizabeth intervention (5)

Answer 5

Raleigh hope gov fund but Elizabeth I refuse:
Elizabeth I notoriously careful with money & had other financial concerns e.g. Spanish threat
Gave ships & gunpowder worth £400
Elizabeth I ask colonised land be called Virginia (after her status as Virgin queen)
Royal backing (as he one Elizabeth I favourite courtiers) gave project prestige (encourage other courtiers e.g. Sir Francis Walsingham invest)

Question 6

Walter raleigh raise fund problem

Answer 6

Cant earn enough money successfuly colonise new world off trading

Question 7

Walter raleigh raising funds virginia investors (2)

Answer 7

Raleigh promise investors receive any Spanish ships come across & Cargos (important as encourage merchants invest after saw how much Sir Francis Drake brought back 1580)
Invested lots of his own money (convinced others think it would work)

Question 8

When raleigh have necessary funds

Answer 8

1586

Question 9

Manteo & wanchese (4)

Answer 9

1584 expedition brought back 2 native N American Indians
Useful e.g. taught Thomas Harriott language (Algonquian)& he taught them English
Made English-Algonquian dictionary
Help first colonist establish contact with their people

Question 10

Who raleigh want take (6)

Answer 10

Approx 300 colonists ( variety skills)
Land owners/artisans (e.g. blacksmith/carpenters/bottle makers/stone masons/weavers/cobblers/tanners
Hunters (& hunting dogs) & fishermen
Clergy
Soldiers (protect other colonists)
Enough farmers (enough make food others)

Question 11

Ships raleigh want take (2)

Answer 11

Enough (carry colonists & supplies)
Well armed (in case attacked by Spanish/invaders)

Question 12

What supplies raleigh want take (7)

Answer 12

Enough food get across Atlantic & last till harvest
Fresh water for voyage
Tools & raw materials for artisans
Farming implements
Seeds for planting crops
Weapons
Salt for preserving food

Question 13

When raleigh want set sail (2)

Answer 13

Good time sewing crops,
Good harvest essential get colonists through winter

Question 14

Raleigh consider spain cintrol carribean and florida (2)

Answer 14

Could attack colonists
Colonists need buy animals in Caribbean fro food

Question 15

Difficulties (3)

Answer 15

Only 107 colonists
Half soldiers & rest: landowners/farmers/artisans/mathematicians
People attracted by prospect making colony in Virginia

Question 16

What colonists need do when arrive (3)

Answer 16

Need build shelter & fort when arrive
Variety &enough seeds (when enough grown, can use more as seed)
Colonists need trade with Indians when arrive

Question 17

Raleigh select richard greenvill as expidition leader because (3)

Answer 17

Experienced sailor & soldier
Adventurous & hot headed
Feared not loved

Question 18

Raleigh select ralph lane as governor attempt 1 (6)

Answer 18

Expert fort builder
Explorer
Battle hardened soldier can rise to challenge
Enjoy hardship
Good wit
‘Can do’ attitude

Question 19

Why raleigh select thomas harriot as cartographor & translator (4)

Answer 19

Thomas Harriott (translator & Cartographer)
Worked with Mateo & Wanchese, formed strong bond
Understood Algonquian
Skilled at making maps

Question 20

Attempt 1 roots british empire (3)

Answer 20

Over next century England establish strong presence N America
Early attempts in Virginia fail (English learn from mistakes)
Roots 18th & 19th century British empire can be found in 16th century experiments settling in foreign land

Question 21

Attempt 1 undermining spain (11)

Answer 21

Colonising Virginia gives England base where can attack Spain from:
Virginia ideally not too far from Florida & Caribbean
But still reasonably safe from Spanish
Early colonisation part conflict (not just short term)
Long term:
England hope rival Spanish empire
Undermine Spanish control in New world
Colony in Virginia = example for other ventures
Native Americans alternative to Spanish:
Turn to England for trade instead
USA help English settlers against Spanish

Question 22

Attempt 1 economic benefits (10)

Answer 22

Trade vital to Englands economy
Elizabeth I encourage English merchants find new markets as conflict with Spain made European trade difficult
Relying on Netherlands as main source trade too risky by 1560s
May things provided by S Europe & Mediterranean could be provided by Virginia
England control Virginia not depend on Spain/France/Italy for fruit/vines/other luxuries
Tobacco most famous new crop (Virginia gave England this trade opportunity bring it to England)
Tobacco popularised at court by Sir Walter Raleigh
Sugar cane was another crop (came fro this part America)

Question 23

Attempt 1 fail voyage(3)

Answer 23

Vital supplies aboard Tiger ruined
Illnesses weaken colonists
Set off too late plant crops

Question 24

Attempt 1 fail colonists (3)

Answer 24

Wrong mix people & skills (skills work in England not Virgina)
Couldn’t cope with hardship
Not work well together (e.g. merchants & gentlemen refuse physical work)

Question 25

Reasons fail inexperience attempt one (3)

Answer 25

Poor choice colonists
First attempt colonising meant lots mistakes
Not cut out life hardship & long term rewards

Question 26

Attempt 1 fail native resistance (5)

Answer 26

Many not trust English (thought english sent from God with supernatural powers:
English seemed have power kill them not touch
After English settle Natives die due causes not seen before (diseases English brought over uncommon to Native Americans)
English too demanding (food & hideouts)
Conflict (e.g. Spring 1586, Wiginia asked other chiefs join in fight but ambush found out & Wiginia killed)

Question 27

Attempt 1 leave & arrive

Answer 27

9th april 1585
Late 1586

Question 28

Attempt 2 when, who & why go (6)

Answer 28

1587
17 women & several families
Mainly from poverty stricken alleys
Familiar with hardship
More likely work for better life in new world
All guaranteed 500 acres land to farm

Question 29

Attempt 2 raleigh appoint manteo as lord ranoake (2)

Answer 29

Could encourage local Indians co-operate with English
As Indians more hostile from start

Question 30

Raleigh put John waite charge expidition what he do attempt 2 (6)

Answer 30

Asked to go back to England update Raleigh what happened
Returned to settlement 3 yrs later (1590) deserted (no one knows what happened
Thought hurricane destroyed it but this no explain colonist’s fate
Word in Croatian found carved on post
Suggested colonists relocated to nearby Croatian settlement
No trace colonists ever found

Question 31

George howe (4)

Answer 31

John Waites advisor
disappeared & found dead 16 arrow wounds
Retaliated by attacking local Indians
Killed some remaining friendly Indians from nearby Croatian settlement instead