Elizabethan England Vignia Flashcards
Walter ralaigh (4)
Born to gentry family
Explorer & courtier in Elizabeth I reign
1584 grant given by Elizabeth I settle in North America (even tho had 2 failed attempts already
Raleigh not go as on Elizabeth I favourite courtiers
Walter raleigh promoting virginia (3)
Sent fact-finding expedition 1584
Explorers able trade: guns/utensils/metal knives (only wooden N America), for game/fish/nuts/variety fruit & veg
Indians welcomed English
Walter raleigh promoting virginia (4)
Expedition brought accounts to England describe area in N America as paradise:
Persuade people leave homes & make dangerous voyage
Convinced people they would find fortunes
Important as after failed attempts prior people spread rumours fantastical monsters & savages
Raleigh raising promoting virginia benefits (4)
Native Americans trade things cheap English goods e.g. wool & cloth
Colony prov work for English merchants & cloth makers
Colony prov exotic materials e.g. gold & tobacco, could be brought back to England
Gains plenty revenue English gov
Walter raleigh raising funds for virginia elizabeth intervention (5)
Raleigh hope gov fund but Elizabeth I refuse:
Elizabeth I notoriously careful with money & had other financial concerns e.g. Spanish threat
Gave ships & gunpowder worth £400
Elizabeth I ask colonised land be called Virginia (after her status as Virgin queen)
Royal backing (as he one Elizabeth I favourite courtiers) gave project prestige (encourage other courtiers e.g. Sir Francis Walsingham invest)
Walter raleigh raise fund problem
Cant earn enough money successfuly colonise new world off trading
Walter raleigh raising funds virginia investors (2)
Raleigh promise investors receive any Spanish ships come across & Cargos (important as encourage merchants invest after saw how much Sir Francis Drake brought back 1580)
Invested lots of his own money (convinced others think it would work)
When raleigh have necessary funds
1586
Manteo & wanchese (4)
1584 expedition brought back 2 native N American Indians
Useful e.g. taught Thomas Harriott language (Algonquian)& he taught them English
Made English-Algonquian dictionary
Help first colonist establish contact with their people
Who raleigh want take (6)
Approx 300 colonists ( variety skills)
Land owners/artisans (e.g. blacksmith/carpenters/bottle makers/stone masons/weavers/cobblers/tanners
Hunters (& hunting dogs) & fishermen
Clergy
Soldiers (protect other colonists)
Enough farmers (enough make food others)
Ships raleigh want take (2)
Enough (carry colonists & supplies)
Well armed (in case attacked by Spanish/invaders)
What supplies raleigh want take (7)
Enough food get across Atlantic & last till harvest
Fresh water for voyage
Tools & raw materials for artisans
Farming implements
Seeds for planting crops
Weapons
Salt for preserving food
When raleigh want set sail (2)
Good time sewing crops,
Good harvest essential get colonists through winter
Raleigh consider spain cintrol carribean and florida (2)
Could attack colonists
Colonists need buy animals in Caribbean fro food
Difficulties (3)
Only 107 colonists
Half soldiers & rest: landowners/farmers/artisans/mathematicians
People attracted by prospect making colony in Virginia
What colonists need do when arrive (3)
Need build shelter & fort when arrive
Variety &enough seeds (when enough grown, can use more as seed)
Colonists need trade with Indians when arrive
Raleigh select richard greenvill as expidition leader because (3)
Experienced sailor & soldier
Adventurous & hot headed
Feared not loved
Raleigh select ralph lane as governor attempt 1 (6)
Expert fort builder
Explorer
Battle hardened soldier can rise to challenge
Enjoy hardship
Good wit
‘Can do’ attitude
Why raleigh select thomas harriot as cartographor & translator (4)
Thomas Harriott (translator & Cartographer)
Worked with Mateo & Wanchese, formed strong bond
Understood Algonquian
Skilled at making maps
Attempt 1 roots british empire (3)
Over next century England establish strong presence N America
Early attempts in Virginia fail (English learn from mistakes)
Roots 18th & 19th century British empire can be found in 16th century experiments settling in foreign land
Attempt 1 undermining spain (11)
Colonising Virginia gives England base where can attack Spain from:
Virginia ideally not too far from Florida & Caribbean
But still reasonably safe from Spanish
Early colonisation part conflict (not just short term)
Long term:
England hope rival Spanish empire
Undermine Spanish control in New world
Colony in Virginia = example for other ventures
Native Americans alternative to Spanish:
Turn to England for trade instead
USA help English settlers against Spanish
Attempt 1 economic benefits (10)
Trade vital to Englands economy
Elizabeth I encourage English merchants find new markets as conflict with Spain made European trade difficult
Relying on Netherlands as main source trade too risky by 1560s
May things provided by S Europe & Mediterranean could be provided by Virginia
England control Virginia not depend on Spain/France/Italy for fruit/vines/other luxuries
Tobacco most famous new crop (Virginia gave England this trade opportunity bring it to England)
Tobacco popularised at court by Sir Walter Raleigh
Sugar cane was another crop (came fro this part America)
Attempt 1 fail voyage(3)
Vital supplies aboard Tiger ruined
Illnesses weaken colonists
Set off too late plant crops
Attempt 1 fail colonists (3)
Wrong mix people & skills (skills work in England not Virgina)
Couldn’t cope with hardship
Not work well together (e.g. merchants & gentlemen refuse physical work)
