Cold War

Question 1

boycott of Moscow Olympic Games(7)

Answer 1

1980
Due to Afghanistan invasion USA & 60 other Western nations boycotted Moscow Olympic Games
Some nations e.g. Britain didn’t prevent athletes going but asked them not to
Other nations e.g. USA threatened to take passport away
USSR wanted to showcase communism (sports washing)
USA proved they still had control over world affairs
Harmed USSR

Question 2

Boycott of LA Olympic Games (4)

Answer 2

1984
Soviet Union (15 other nations)
Boycotted LA’s Olympic Games in retaliation to West doing same
Embarass USSR

Question 3

Break up of warsaw pact Poland (3)

Answer 3

June 1989
Solidarity legalised
Solidarity wins landslide victory Polish elections

Question 4

Break up of warsaw pact East Germany (3)

Answer 4

Sept 1989
Lots people flee to west through Hungry & Austria
11th Sept 1989 125000 East Germans cross border

Question 5

2. Break up warsaw pact East Germany (2)

Answer 5

Oct 1989
Gorbachev refuses to help East German gov put down demonstrations

Question 6

3. Break up warsaw pact East Germany(4)

Answer 6

Nov 1989
Gov announces border between East & West Berlin will be opened
Thousands force way through crossing
Berlin wall pulled down by both sides (East & West Germany reunited in 1990)

Question 7

Break up of warsaw pact Czechoslovakia (3)

Answer 7

Nov 1989
velvet revolution’ overthrows gov
Vaclav Havel elected (anti-communist)

Question 8

Break up of warsaw pact Hungary (4)

Answer 8

May 1989
Gov takes down fence border between them & non-communist Austria
Promises new democratic gov
Free elections held in Oct

Question 9

Break up of warsaw pact Romania (3)

Answer 9

Dec 1989
Demonstrations against communist gov
communist leader Ceasusesu overthrown & killed

Question 10

Break up of warsaw pact Bulgaria (3)

Answer 10

Dec 1989
Communist leader Petar Mladenov resigns on live TV
Free elections held following year

Question 11

Break up of warsaw pact Yugoslavia (3)

Answer 11

Dec 1990
Vote to become independent in free referendum
Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Heregonia, Kosovo, Macedonia declare independence 1990

Question 12

Why warsaw pact break up (3)

Answer 12

Communist governments are defeated in ‘free elections’ all over Eastern Europe.
As the Eastern Bloc disintegrated the Warsaw Pact could no longer survive
Warsaw Pact officially disbanded in March and July of 1991

Question 13

Fall of Berlin wall Reagan’s speach (3)

Answer 13

Asked girbachev take down Berlin wall
He asked this as Gorbachev may compromise
Didn’t work as Gorbachev won’t get involved with Satellite state affairs

Question 14

Fall Berlin wall - Hungary & austria (2)

Answer 14

June 1989
Hungarian gov begins dismantling electrified fence dividing them & Austria (West Tv crews present)

Question 15

Fall Berlin walk - german escapees (6)

Answer 15

Sept 1989
More than 13000 East German tourists escaped through Hungary to Austria
East German gov disallowed travel to Hungary letting those already there – return
Protests & demonstrations spread through East Germany
This was start ‘peaceful revolution’ late 1989
Early Nov 1989 Protests grew

Question 16

Fall berlin wall what chain of events set up

Answer 16

Hungary prevented any East Germans crossing border & returned them – Budapest
East Germans flood Hungarian West German Embassy & refused to return

Question 17

Fall berlin wall - actual fall (5)

Answer 17

9th Nov 1989
Günter Schabowski announces regulations in conference however said regulations start immediately not next day
East & West Germans flock to wall drinking Beer & Champagne chanting “Tau auf“ (“open the gate“)
Politburo allow refugees exit directly through crossing points between East & West Germany dividing Berlin
After gate opened torn down

Question 18

Collapse berlin wall personal consequences

Answer 18

People reunited with friends & relatives not seen for almost 30 years

Question 19

Collapse Berlin wall national consequences (2)

Answer 19

Physical divide between East & West Germany no longer exist
Countries now have – work together

Question 20

International consequences collapse berlin wall (4)

Answer 20

Nov 1989 East Germans travel to west through Austria
Berlin wall symbol of cold war & division of Europe
Destruction became symbol of cold war ending
Collapse of wall showed even if Soviet govs failing Soviets weren’t going – step in

Question 21

Build up to cuban missile crisis (2)

Answer 21

Jan 1959 Communist revolutionary group led by Fidel Castro & Che Guevara toppled pro-USA gov.
Castro was – nationalist & didn’t want gov – run by USA

Question 22

Build up cuban missile crisis what eisenhower worried about (2)

Answer 22

American businesses had invested heavily Cuba (especially in sugar industry)
much Cuban land owned by America

Question 23

Build up cuban missile crisis what happen foreign land cuba (2)

Answer 23

May 1959
new Cuban government nationalised all foreign owned land – Cuba

Question 24

Build up cuban missile crisis Soviet involve (3)

Answer 24

Feb 1960

Castro made agreement with Soviet Union.

Castro had already been appointing communists to gov

Khrushchev agreed buy Cuban sugar return provide economic stability & secret clause said USSR – supply arms – Cuba

Question 25

Build up cuban missile crisis Why USA concerned

Answer 25

Pro-soviet regime 145km amay

Question 26

Build up cuban missile crisis what eisenhower do (2)

Answer 26

Reduced amount sugar USA would buy from Cuba October banned all trade – Cuba

Question 27

Build up cban missile crisis bay of pigs (4)

Answer 27

1961 Kennedy USA president, didn’t want Soviet ally close – USA, gave support – CIA plan – launch invasion – overthrow Castro Used 1,400 exiled Cubans, trained them & 7th April 1961 invaded Failed due: lack military experience & lack – support, Castro found out & sent 20,000 soldiers & crushed rebellion USA couldn’t help with airstrike - would show attack from USA however wrecked plane showed USA’s involvement – humiliated

Question 28

Buid up Cuban missile crisis bay pigs consequences (4)

Answer 28

Sept 1961 Khrushchev publicly announced that would supply arms – Cuba  Now possibility Nuclear weapons would be supplied – Cuba despite fact Khrushchev reassured Kennedy he would not. Castro declared himself communist after invasion & asked USSR – help defend Cuba against further attacks Looked like Americans acting like Soviets (trying – support – armed uprising – independent country against gov)

Question 29

Gorbachev foreign policy (3)

Answer 29

Improve realations with west Met with Regan many times e.g. Geneva summit 1985 Gorbachev soft attitude soften Reagan hardline approach

Question 30

INF treaty (5)

Answer 30

1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty USA & USSR agree remove all medium range nuclear missiles from Europe within 3 yrs First missiles dismantled in 1988 Milestone in USA-USSR relations as both actively reduce weapons for first time