Elizabeth - America Flashcards
Triangular trade
Slave trade triangle Europe - Africa - North America
When did Francis Drake navigate the globe?
Dec 1577 - Sept 1580
Effects of Francis Drake’s voyage:
Great boost to morale in England
Established Eng as seafaring nation
Encouraged others to explore and raid Spanish colonies
Encouraged colonies in America
What was making Spain a lot of money?
Silver mines in Peru
How much did Drake’s circumnavigation make in today’s money?
£500,000,000
What was the driving force behind exploration and voyages?
Trade
Reasons for colonisation of America
Naval base to attack the Spanish shipping from the Spanish Main
Base for building an overseas empire to rival Spain’s empire
Trade of tobacco and sugar cane to Europe
Control of Spices, vines and fruit trade as opposed to relying upon the French and Italians for trade
Who was Walter Raleigh?
Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon. In his 20s he took part in the suppression of rebellion in Ireland. Later, he became a landlord of property confiscated from the native Irish. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. Raleigh was instrumental in the English colonisation of North America and was granted a royal patent to explore Virginia, paving the way for future English settlements.
Raleigh’s planning
Investigated, organised and raised funds for the establishment of a colony in Virginia
Promoted the voyage and convinced people to leave Eng
Appointed a Guvnor of Virginia who ruled in his place
Developed a ‘blueprint’ of colonisation
Gained royal backing from Elizabeth I and given a ship and gunpowder worth £400
Royal backing enabled individuals such as Sir Francis Walsingham to provide funds
Reasons for failure
- Ships set off far too late in the year – cannot plant crops to see the colonists through the winter
- All perishables are on one ship – the Tiger, which hits rocks on the way and looses a large amount of supplies
- Only 107 colonists sign up – half of which are soldiers, the rest are tradesmen and farmers. This means that a large majority of the settlers aren’t capable of assisting when they arrive at Roanoke. A large amount also aren’t prepared for the hardship of working.
- The leaders of the expedition – Richard Grenville and Ralph Lane did not get on leading to a split in the leadership of the colony.
- Native Americans provided a large amount of resistance to the English, the Chief Wingina did not trust the English and grew tired of the constant demands for food from the settlers.
Who was Richard Grenville?
Was in charge of the fleet that sailed to America and nominally in charge of the expedition
Instigated a violent approach to the Native Americans after the theft of a silver cup
He left the colony under Lane’s leadership and returned in 1586 with food and supply’s only to find most of the colonists had left with Sir Francis Drake the previous year
Who was Sir Ralph Lane?
Was the guvnor of the colony set up by Raleigh. He often quarrelled with Grenville over his leadership style, especially in the treatment of Native Americans
