Electrolytes

Question 1

Calcium

Answer 1

8.6-10.2

Question 2

chloride

Answer 2

96-106

Question 3

phosphate

Answer 3

3-4.5

Question 4

creatinine

Answer 4

0.6-1.3

Question 5

BUN

Answer 5

6-20

Question 6

Magnesium

Answer 6

1.3-2.1

Question 7

hypocalcemia symptoms

Answer 7

Tetany, trousseau sign, chvosteks sign, stridor, numbness, cramps

Question 8

Foods high in calcium

Answer 8

broccoli, dairy, spinach

Question 9

serum osmolality

Answer 9

285-295

Question 10

urine osmolality

Answer 10

AVG 500-800

Question 11

what does it mean if you have a high serum osmalality?

Answer 11

water deficit (concentrated)

Question 12

types of isotonic fluids

Answer 12

NS, D5W, LR

Question 13

types of hypertonic fluids

Answer 13

3% saline, D10W

Question 14

hypotonic fluids

Answer 14

1/2 NS

Question 15

What regulates sodium

Answer 15

kidneys, ADH, aldosterone

Question 16

Foods high in sodium

Answer 16

processed meats, condiments, dairy

Question 17

If you have hypernatremia due to DI, you give what?

Answer 17

vasopressin

Question 18

symptoms of hyponatremia

Answer 18

confusion, solmenance, HA, seizures, abd cramps NV

Question 19

what do you give lithium or declomycin for?

Answer 19

hyponatremia from SIADH

Question 20

Treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 20

hypertonic saline, mannitol (osmotic diuretic)

Question 21

Foods high in potassium

Answer 21

avacado, fish, dried fruit, OJ, raisins, veggies, SALT SUBSTITUTES

Question 22

hyperkalemia EKG

Answer 22

depolarization dcreases, repolarization increases:

flattened P, peaked T

Question 23

hpokalemia EKG

Answer 23

impaired repolarization;

peaked P, flattened T, maybe U

Question 24

When do you need telemetry for giving K+

Answer 24

when giving more than 20mEq/hr

Question 25

Calcium has an inverse relationship to what

Answer 25

phosphorus

Question 26

When do you give biophosphonates (pamidronate, zoledronic acid)

Answer 26

hypercalcemia from malignancies, they stop osteoclast activity

Question 27

foods high in magnesium

Answer 27

green veggies, nuts, bananas, oranges, peanut butter, chocolate

Question 28

what potentiatesd digoxin

Answer 28

thiazide diuretics, due to peeing out potassium leading to HYPOkalemia

Question 29

what is the max amount of IV fluids you want to give to someone receiving K+ supplement?

Answer 29

dont exceed 40mEq/L

Question 30

Two ways to lead to metabolic acidosis

Answer 30

Net increase of acid, or physical loss of bicarb

Question 31

Anion Gap equation

Answer 31

(Serum sodium) - (Chloride + Bicarb)

Question 32

how do you know if metabolic acidosis is due to increase in acidosis instead of bicarb loss?

Answer 32

anion gap > 14 means it is due to increase of acid.

Question 33

Labs of alkalosis

Answer 33

Low:Ca, K+, CO2
High: pH, bicarb

Question 34

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 34

Increased loss of acids: prolonged vomiting, NG suction, too many diuretics
Increased bicarb: oral antacids, blood transfusion

Question 35

DKA and high glucose can lead to what?

Answer 35

metabolic alkalosis