Electrolytes Flashcards
Calcium
8.6-10.2
chloride
96-106
phosphate
3-4.5
creatinine
0.6-1.3
BUN
6-20
Magnesium
1.3-2.1
hypocalcemia symptoms
Tetany, trousseau sign, chvosteks sign, stridor, numbness, cramps
Foods high in calcium
broccoli, dairy, spinach
serum osmolality
285-295
urine osmolality
AVG 500-800
what does it mean if you have a high serum osmalality?
water deficit (concentrated)
types of isotonic fluids
NS, D5W, LR
types of hypertonic fluids
3% saline, D10W
hypotonic fluids
1/2 NS
What regulates sodium
kidneys, ADH, aldosterone
Foods high in sodium
processed meats, condiments, dairy
If you have hypernatremia due to DI, you give what?
vasopressin
symptoms of hyponatremia
confusion, solmenance, HA, seizures, abd cramps NV
what do you give lithium or declomycin for?
hyponatremia from SIADH
Treatment for hyponatremia
hypertonic saline, mannitol (osmotic diuretic)
Foods high in potassium
avacado, fish, dried fruit, OJ, raisins, veggies, SALT SUBSTITUTES
hyperkalemia EKG
depolarization dcreases, repolarization increases:
flattened P, peaked T
hpokalemia EKG
impaired repolarization;
peaked P, flattened T, maybe U
When do you need telemetry for giving K+
when giving more than 20mEq/hr
Calcium has an inverse relationship to what
phosphorus
When do you give biophosphonates (pamidronate, zoledronic acid)
hypercalcemia from malignancies, they stop osteoclast activity
foods high in magnesium
green veggies, nuts, bananas, oranges, peanut butter, chocolate
what potentiatesd digoxin
thiazide diuretics, due to peeing out potassium leading to HYPOkalemia
what is the max amount of IV fluids you want to give to someone receiving K+ supplement?
dont exceed 40mEq/L
Two ways to lead to metabolic acidosis
Net increase of acid, or physical loss of bicarb
Anion Gap equation
(Serum sodium) - (Chloride + Bicarb)
how do you know if metabolic acidosis is due to increase in acidosis instead of bicarb loss?
anion gap > 14 means it is due to increase of acid.
Labs of alkalosis
Low:Ca, K+, CO2
High: pH, bicarb
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Increased loss of acids: prolonged vomiting, NG suction, too many diuretics
Increased bicarb: oral antacids, blood transfusion
DKA and high glucose can lead to what?
metabolic alkalosis
