EKGs

Question 1

describe sinus bradycardia

Answer 1

<60 bpm, normal P wave, normal QRS, normal PR
caused by vagus n. stimulation, elite athletes, and cold temp.

Question 2

describe SA node block

Answer 2

<60 bpm, NORMAL/MISSING P wave WITH BEAT DROP, normal PR, normal QRS

Question 3

describe 1st degree AV node block

Answer 3

LONG PR >0.2 secs, CONTAINS P WAVE, NO BEAT DROP

caused by vagal n. stimulation, ischemia, calcification, inflammation, drugs

Question 4

describe the 2 types of 2nd degree AV node block

Answer 4

type 1 mobitz (Wenkebach) –> PR gets longer and longer then BEAT DROPS

type 2 mobitz –> normal PR but BEAT suddenly DROPS

Question 5

describe 3rd degree AV node block

Answer 5

P waves has its own constant distance and QRS has its own constant distance

Means that atria is beating at its own time so is the ventricle

Question 6

describe premature atrial contraction (PAC)

Answer 6

increased rate (short R-R), SHORTENED PR, normal QRS, UPRIGHT P waves

Question 7

describe AV/junctional premature complex

Answer 7

increased rate (short R-R), INVERTED P wave, normal QRS

Question 8

describe premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

Answer 8

increased rate (short R-R), NO PR, hidden P wave, WIDENED QRS, INVERTED T wave

caused by MI/ischemia, agents that cause excitability in cardiomyocytes

QRS>0.12 secs

Question 9

describe sinus tachycardia

Answer 9

increased HR due to SA node depolarize faster

everything is normal, just a faster rate (shorter R-R)

Question 10

describe the 2 types of supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 10

increased rate at or above AV node

atrial –> UPRIGHT/NARROW P wave
junctional –> INVERTED or hidden P wave

reduce SVT using adenosine to open K+ channels–> hyperpolarization–> inhibit cAMP –> slow conduction

Question 11

describe ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)

Answer 11

> 100 bpm, NO PR, WIDENED QRS (contains consistent peaks)

multiple PVCs –> V-tach –> V-fib

> or equal to 3 consecutive PACs/PVCs –> NSAT/NSVT
or equal to 30 secs –> SAT/SVT

Question 12

describe Torsades

Answer 12

EKG looks like a ribbon

Question 13

describe Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Answer 13

bundle of kent, DELTA WAVE (shortened PR)

Question 14

describe A-fib

Answer 14

irregular rate, NO DISTINGUISHABLE P wave

can result in blood clotting due to irregular contraction of the atria that can lead to blood pooling

Question 15

describe V-fib

Answer 15

fatal in short time period
no real ventricular contraction

CHAOTIC rhythm and rate