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nurs 470 > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What do open sodium channels cause?

A

a rising phase of the action potential (depolarization)

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2
Q

What happens when calcium is released?

A

couples the depolarization wave to the myofilaments

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3
Q

What happens when potassium channels open?

A

resting membrane potential is restored (repolarization)

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4
Q

How does the electrical impulses travel through the heart?

A

SA node to AV node to AV bundle (Bundle of His) to the right and left bundle branches and end at the purkinje fibers

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5
Q

What does the p wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

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6
Q

What does Q represent on the EKG?

A

depolarization of the ventricular septum

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7
Q

What does R represent?

A

repolarization of the distal 1/3 of the ventricular septum

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8
Q

What does S represent?

A

depolarization of the remaining ventricle

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9
Q

What does T represent?

A

repolarization of the ventricle

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10
Q

What does the PR interval reflect?

A

conduction velocity through the AV nodde

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11
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

ventricular depolarization

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12
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

the duration of depolarization AND repolarization of the ventricle

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13
Q

What happens with repolarization?

A

the heart relaxes

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14
Q

What happens with depolarization?

A

contraction

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15
Q

Which ventricle contracts first?

A

right

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16
Q

How long should the PR interval last? What is happening during this interval?

A

.12-.20 seconds. atrial depolarization

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17
Q

How long should the QRS complex last? What is happening during this time?

A

.08-.12 seconds. Ventricles are contracting

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18
Q

How long should the QT interval last? What is happening during this time?

A

less than .5 seconds. is the duration of depolarization AND repolarization of the ventricle

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19
Q

What is the time elapsed between each small box on an EKG?

A

.04 seconds

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20
Q

What is the time elapsed between each bolded box on an EKG?

A

.2 seconds

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21
Q

What does a premature atrial contraction look like on an EKG?

A

p wave immediately following the t wave

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22
Q

What can a PAC indicate?

A

can be a sign of an irritable heart

23
Q

What does a PVC look like?

A

may completely skip the p wave

24
Q

How can you tell if PVCs are perfusing the body?

A

Take the pulse

25
Q

What makes a sinus rhythm present?

A

a p-wave

26
Q

What does the AV node start?

A

ventricular contraction (depolarization)

27
Q

What is it called when a p wave is not present (i.e. sinus rhythm is not present)?

A

Junctional

28
Q

What is it called if the junctional rhythm is between 60 and 100 bpm?

A

accelerated

29
Q

If a junctional rhythm is over 100 bpm?

A

junctional tachycardia

30
Q

What would a wave be called if the t and the p wave become indistinguishable?

A

supraventricular

31
Q

What would a patient feel like if they are experiencing SVT?

A

restless, anxious, they would be pale and have low perfusion, Tachypnic, and hypotensive

32
Q

What does an atrial flutter look like on an EKG?

A

“saw tooth” waves

33
Q

How many atrial depolarizations reach the ventricles if a patient is experiencing atrial flutter?

A

about one in three

34
Q

How quick does the atrium typically fire at if someone experiencing atrial flutter?

A

250-350 bpm

35
Q

What happens when there is atrial fibrillation?

A

rapid continuous firing of multiple atrial foci

36
Q

What is someone at higher risk for if atrial fibrillation occurs?

A

stroke and pulmonary emboli

37
Q

How are the impulses firing on the atria during Afib?

A

like fireworks across the entire atrium

38
Q

Is Afib a regular rate?

A

no. it is always irregular

39
Q

What would a patient typically be given if they are experiencing A-fib with rapid ventricular response?

A

ditalizem or amiodarone as well as heparin or lovenox

40
Q

What happens when a patient is experiencing Afib with ventricular response?

A

Blood is clotting in the atria and immediately getting sent out to the body

41
Q

What happens during VTach?

A

only the ventricles are beating

42
Q

What should be done if VTach is present without a pulse?

A

CPR

43
Q

How many PVCs need to be present to indicate Vtach?

A

3 or more consecutively at a rate greater than 100 bpm

44
Q

What happens in a first degree AV block?

A

prolonged PR interval

45
Q

What happens in a second degree AV block?

A

Wenckebach (progressive block of the AV node) or Mobitz (Blocks the purkinje fibers)

46
Q

What happens in a 3rd degree AV block?

A

complete AV block

47
Q

What happens with a Wenckenbach?

A

p wave takes longer, longer, longer to show up and then it drops completely

48
Q

What happens in a Mobitz block?

A

a number of P waves occur before a successful QRS (2:1, 3:1, or higher)

49
Q

What happens in a complete block of the AV node?

A

prevents sinus paced atrial depolarization from reaching ventricles and the p wave is independent of the QRS rate

50
Q

What happens on an EKG when there is a bundle branch block?

A

widened QRS interval

51
Q

What is the difference on an EKG between Afib and V-Fib?

A

Afib will still have a QRS complex

52
Q

Where is a transvenous pacemaker placed?

A

pulmonary artery

53
Q

Where do the wires of a permanent pacemaker rest?

A

endocardium

nurs 470 (33 decks)

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