Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
What kind of drugs are -prils?
antihypertensive ACE inhibitors
What are -pril drugs used for?
To treat hypertension
What kind of drug is spironolactone?
Potassium-sparing diuretic
What needs to be monitored before administering sprinolactone?
Serum Potassium and blood pressure
What needs to be assessed before administering and ACE inhibitor?
Blood pressure
What do -lol drugs do?
reduce hypertension and heart rate
What do potassium-sparing diuretics do to blood pressure?
decreases blood pressure
When would a potassium sparing diuretic, like spironolactone, be indicated?
Severe edema, like with CHF, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome
What should be avoided for a patient on spironolactone?
salt substitutes and high potassium foods
What kind of drug is hydrochlorothiazide?
An antihypertensive thiazide diuretic
What gets excreted when hydrochlorothiazide is administered?
na, k, mg, hco3
When are thiazide diuretics indicated?
mild to moderate HTN, treatment of edema associated with CHF
Why would you administer spironolactone instead of hydrochlorothiazide in a CHF patient?
if K+ levels are low, spironolactone would be administered, if K+ levels are high, HCTZ would be administered
What kind of drugs are -statins?
lipid lowering agents (HMG-CoA inhibitor)
What drugs are used for primary prevention of CAD?
statins
When is nitroglycerin indicated?
For acute angina
Which drug will dilate coronary arteries to increase blood flow and decrease ischemia of the heart?
Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin should be avoided with ________ because it can cause fatal hypotension
slidenafil
What kind of drug is Nitroglycerin?
Antianginal nitrate
What is amiodarone used to treat?
ventricular and atrial arrhythmias
How does amiodarone treat arrhythmias?
It will decrease myocardial excitability
What kind of drugs are -sartans?
antihypertensive angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Why would a -sartan drug be used over an ACE inhibitor to treat edema related to CHF?
Patient cannot tolerate an ACE inhibitor
What will -sartan drugs disable?
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What will ACE inhibitors decrease in the body?
aldosterone
What kind of drugs are -lols?
beta blockers
When are beta blockers used?
to treat HTN, prevent MIs, and decrease mortality in clients, and management in CHF
When is dopamine used?
in treatment of shock unresponsive to fluid replacement
Which drug is an inotropic vasopressor/adrenergic?
Dopamine
This drug is an adjunct to standard measures to improve blood pressure, CO, and urinary output in cases of shock?
Dopamine
This drug is an adjunct to standard measures to improve blood pressure, CO, and urinary output in cases of shock?
Dopamine
What can digoxin be used for?
treatment of CHF, tachyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Which drug will both slow and strengthen the force of myocardial contraction by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node and decreasing the conduction through the SA and AV nodes?
Digoxin
What class is digoxin?
antiarrhythmic agent, inotropic agent/digitalis glycoside
Which drug is used for the treatment of sinus bradycardia, heart block, and reversal of adverse muscarinic effects?
Atropine
Which drug is an antiasthamtic, bronchodilator, vasopressor/adrenergic agent?
epinephrine
What can epinephrine be used to treat?
cardiac arrest and increased contractility, heart rate, and urinary output during shock
What will accumulate at the beta adrenergic receptors when epinephrine is administered?
cAMP
What do beta-1 adrenergic receptors affect? and beta-2?
cardiac system and pulmonary system
How does slidenafil work?
it will vasodilate and decrease BP
Which type of drugs are antihypertensives that relax the prostatic urethra and are peripherally acting antiadrenergics?
Alpha-1 blockers that usually end in -osin
How do drugs like Tamsulosin work?
decreases contractions in the smooth muscle of the prostatic capsule by preferentially binding to alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
When is phenylephrine used?
in cases of severe hypotension during anesthesia or septic shock
Which drug is an adrenergic vasopressor?
Phenylephrine
What do calcium channel blockers normally end in?
-dipine, -zem, and -amil
When is levophed indicated?
Hypotensive States and Cardiac Arrest
Which drug is an adrenergic agonist (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1) that is also a catecholamine?
norepinephrine (levophed)
Which drug has Alpha receptor activity that will result in peripheral vasoconstriction and beta receptor activity that will stimulation the heart and coronary artery vasodilation?
Levophed
What can vasopressin be used for?
Shock, Vasoconstriction, with hypotension despite fluids and catecholamines
Does vasopressin cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
vasoconstriction
What is diltiazem used for?
angina pectoris, essential hypertension, and cardiac dysrhythmias
