eighth test Flashcards
the main organ of the urinary system
kidney
three capsules around the kidneys
the true capsule, the adipose capsule, the renal capsule
what are the uraters
two narrow and muscular tubes
how long are the uraters
8 to 12 inches
urine consists of what
95%water and 5% solid substases
when does an adult FEEL like they need to urinate in ML and when do they acually need to urinate
feeling it around 300 to 350 ml but can hold up to 500 ml
what is cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
glomerulonephritis i an inflammation of the
kidneys that primarily affects the glomeruli
when does incontinence occur
when the body is unable to control a unpredictable flow of urine
kidney stones are also called
renal calculi
sighs and symptoms of kidney stones
intense low back plank or groin pain
possible nausea vomiting and decreaded urine output
spastic pain in the lower abdomen
hematuria revealed by urinalysis
cysts are
benign meaning noncancerous
what is the greatest risk for people with PKD
developing high blood pressure
what is pyelonephritis
a UTI that has progressed is the kidney and renal pelvis
pyelonephritis is caused by what
bacteria or a viruses but is usally caused by bacterium e-coli
what are the two most common causes of chronic renal failure
diabetes and hypertension
what is hemodialysis
filters and cleans the blood outside the body
what is the genus
always capitalized
the species is always
lowercased
what is a-gram positive
bacterium retains the violet color of the stain
a-gram negative
bacterium has the pink color of the counterstain
aerobes are what
bacteria that survive on oxygen rich environment
anaerobics are what
bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen
anaerobes that are flexeblie and can live with some oxygen are called what
facultative anaerobes
what are viruses
the smallest known infectious organisms and can bee seen only with the use of a electron microscope
the study of fungi is known as
mycology
what does fungi include
yeasts and mold
if an infection can be diagnosed on sight by the physician what is the next step
further testing will not be necessary
culture plates are incubated for
24 hours to allow the microorganisms to grow
sterile swabs are used for what
in collecting specimens
after swab is collected in what
a sterile container that may or may-not contain culture media
when performing a throat culture it is important not to touch the what
inside of the mouth or the tounge with the swab to avoid contaminating it
a urine spacimen for culture must be either a what or a what
a catheterized specimen or a clean catch mid sample
a sterile tongue depressor or applicator sicks can be used to transfers what
a small of stool to a sterile container for transporting it to the lab
patients before a stool sample should avoid what and why
consuming vitamin c and red meat for 3 days before testing because it may result in false positives
the group A strep screen is a test done when
frequently in POLS
in most cases samples are what and why
refrigerated if testing will not take place within 2 hours
at least how many ml are needed for testing for an approprte collection
10 ml
five types of time specific tests
random sample
morning specimen ( first voild)
timed specimen
24 hour specimen
2 hour specimen
what should be listed on the label on specimen
patents fisrt and last name
DOB
date and time of collection
initials of the person collecting it
when should morning specimens be brought into the office or what
30 to 60 min after collection or keep sample refrigerated
what is the preferred method of a pediatric urine collection
attaching a adhesive pediatric urine specimen bag
five characteristics examined during physical ananlysis of urine
color
clarity
concentration
odor
volume
what does turbid mean
the urine is cloudy opaque or does not allow light to pass through
what does specific gravity compare
the density of urine to the density of water
most tests can be read how fast
60 to 120 seconds
what does PH indicate
acidity and alkalinity
what do normal kidneys produce
urine with a ph from 4.6 to 7.9
what is protin not found in
heathy peoples urine
when does glucose spill into the urine
when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold which is around 160-180 mg
possible problems’ that the precise of blood in urine indicate
anemia
UTI
kidney stones
trauma
ketones are caused by
dehydration and starvation
the presences of bilirubin may be some of the first sighs of what
liver disease
obstructive biliary disease
nepatitis
mononucleosis
high levels of urobilinogen may help indicate what
liver disease
measures of nitries for detection of what
bacteriuria and may indicate a UTI
leukocytes are also know as what
wight blood cells
automated analyzers use what
light photometry to test strips which eliminates human error
to prepare for microscopic analyses fresh urine is what
poured into tubes
what is the most accurate what to collect a pregnacy test
blood sample
most common method for drug analysis
urine
the chain of custody is a legal document and can invalidate a specimen has been what
tampered with or does not have complete information written on it
quality control is a system of ensuring what
the patients test results are accurate and timely manner
before any test the what should be examend
the expiration date
