eighth test

Question 1

the main organ of the urinary system

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

three capsules around the kidneys

Answer 2

the true capsule, the adipose capsule, the renal capsule

Question 3

what are the uraters

Answer 3

two narrow and muscular tubes

Question 4

how long are the uraters

Answer 4

8 to 12 inches

Question 5

urine consists of what

Answer 5

95%water and 5% solid substases

Question 6

when does an adult FEEL like they need to urinate in ML and when do they acually need to urinate

Answer 6

feeling it around 300 to 350 ml but can hold up to 500 ml

Question 7

what is cystitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the bladder

Question 8

glomerulonephritis i an inflammation of the

Answer 8

kidneys that primarily affects the glomeruli

Question 9

when does incontinence occur

Answer 9

when the body is unable to control a unpredictable flow of urine

Question 10

kidney stones are also called

Answer 10

renal calculi

Question 11

sighs and symptoms of kidney stones

Answer 11

intense low back plank or groin pain
possible nausea vomiting and decreaded urine output
spastic pain in the lower abdomen
hematuria revealed by urinalysis

Question 12

cysts are

Answer 12

benign meaning noncancerous

Question 13

what is the greatest risk for people with PKD

Answer 13

developing high blood pressure

Question 14

what is pyelonephritis

Answer 14

a UTI that has progressed is the kidney and renal pelvis

Question 15

pyelonephritis is caused by what

Answer 15

bacteria or a viruses but is usally caused by bacterium e-coli

Question 16

what are the two most common causes of chronic renal failure

Answer 16

diabetes and hypertension

Question 17

what is hemodialysis

Answer 17

filters and cleans the blood outside the body

Question 18

what is the genus

Answer 18

always capitalized

Question 19

the species is always

Answer 19

lowercased

Question 20

what is a-gram positive

Answer 20

bacterium retains the violet color of the stain

Question 21

a-gram negative

Answer 21

bacterium has the pink color of the counterstain

Question 22

aerobes are what

Answer 22

bacteria that survive on oxygen rich environment

Question 23

anaerobics are what

Answer 23

bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen

Question 24

anaerobes that are flexeblie and can live with some oxygen are called what

Answer 24

facultative anaerobes

Question 25

what are viruses

Answer 25

the smallest known infectious organisms and can bee seen only with the use of a electron microscope

Question 26

the study of fungi is known as

Answer 26

mycology

Question 27

what does fungi include

Answer 27

yeasts and mold

Question 28

if an infection can be diagnosed on sight by the physician what is the next step

Answer 28

further testing will not be necessary

Question 29

culture plates are incubated for

Answer 29

24 hours to allow the microorganisms to grow

Question 30

sterile swabs are used for what

Answer 30

in collecting specimens

Question 31

after swab is collected in what

Answer 31

a sterile container that may or may-not contain culture media

Question 32

when performing a throat culture it is important not to touch the what

Answer 32

inside of the mouth or the tounge with the swab to avoid contaminating it

Question 33

a urine spacimen for culture must be either a what or a what

Answer 33

a catheterized specimen or a clean catch mid sample

Question 34

a sterile tongue depressor or applicator sicks can be used to transfers what

Answer 34

a small of stool to a sterile container for transporting it to the lab

Question 35

patients before a stool sample should avoid what and why

Answer 35

consuming vitamin c and red meat for 3 days before testing because it may result in false positives

Question 36

the group A strep screen is a test done when

Answer 36

frequently in POLS

Question 37

in most cases samples are what and why

Answer 37

refrigerated if testing will not take place within 2 hours

Question 38

at least how many ml are needed for testing for an approprte collection

Answer 38

10 ml

Question 39

five types of time specific tests

Answer 39

random sample morning specimen ( first voild) timed specimen 24 hour specimen 2 hour specimen

Question 40

what should be listed on the label on specimen

Answer 40

patents fisrt and last name DOB date and time of collection initials of the person collecting it

Question 41

when should morning specimens be brought into the office or what

Answer 41

30 to 60 min after collection or keep sample refrigerated

Question 42

what is the preferred method of a pediatric urine collection

Answer 42

attaching a adhesive pediatric urine specimen bag

Question 43

five characteristics examined during physical ananlysis of urine

Answer 43

color clarity concentration odor volume

Question 44

what does turbid mean

Answer 44

the urine is cloudy opaque or does not allow light to pass through

Question 45

what does specific gravity compare

Answer 45

the density of urine to the density of water

Question 46

most tests can be read how fast

Answer 46

60 to 120 seconds

Question 47

what does PH indicate

Answer 47

acidity and alkalinity

Question 48

what do normal kidneys produce

Answer 48

urine with a ph from 4.6 to 7.9

Question 49

what is protin not found in

Answer 49

heathy peoples urine

Question 50

when does glucose spill into the urine

Answer 50

when blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold which is around 160-180 mg

Question 51

possible problems' that the precise of blood in urine indicate

Answer 51

anemia UTI kidney stones trauma

Question 52

ketones are caused by

Answer 52

dehydration and starvation

Question 53

the presences of bilirubin may be some of the first sighs of what

Answer 53

liver disease obstructive biliary disease nepatitis mononucleosis

Question 54

high levels of urobilinogen may help indicate what

Answer 54

liver disease

Question 55

measures of nitries for detection of what

Answer 55

bacteriuria and may indicate a UTI

Question 56

leukocytes are also know as what

Answer 56

wight blood cells

Question 57

automated analyzers use what

Answer 57

light photometry to test strips which eliminates human error

Question 58

to prepare for microscopic analyses fresh urine is what

Answer 58

poured into tubes

Question 59

what is the most accurate what to collect a pregnacy test

Answer 59

blood sample

Question 60

most common method for drug analysis

Answer 60

urine

Question 61

the chain of custody is a legal document and can invalidate a specimen has been what

Answer 61

tampered with or does not have complete information written on it

Question 62

quality control is a system of ensuring what

Answer 62

the patients test results are accurate and timely manner

Question 63

before any test the what should be examend

Answer 63

the expiration date