efferent division Flashcards
different types of actions
- antagonistic
- compliment each other
- cooperative
what gland works to compliment
salivary glands
salivary glands secretion that complements one another
watery saliva (parasym) viscous saliva (sym)
cooperative actions meaning
one comes in front of each other and allows completion
erection (parasympathetic)
ejaculation (sym) are examples of
cooperative actions
location of symphathic sys
close to ganglion
what ANS sys provides the thoracic and lumbar region
sympathetic system
what do pre-gang neurons secrete in sym and para sym
ACh
cholinergic niotolic chemical receptors on post gang in para and sym sys are receptors for
ACh
what neuron secretes adrenergic neurotransmitters (E, NE, dopamine )
post gang in sym sys
what receptors are found on the target the sym sys
adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta)
what system uses g proteins and messenger
sym sys
what system is located closer/ on targen of organs
para sym
what regions does the para sym provide
cranial and sacral
what sym has post gang neurones that secrete ACh
para sym
what receptors are found ON targets in para sym
cholinergic muscarinic
which sys just uses g proteins
- parasympathetic
nicotinic and muscarinic are ___ receptors that respond to __
cholinergic, ACh
what cholinergic receptor responds to sym and para sym
nicotinic
what is muscarinic cholinergic receptors excited by
mushroom poison muscarine
NE percentage that’s released in sym sys
20%
80% of sympathetic secretions are
E
dopamine released in sym is
less than 1%
what kinda of receptors are found in the sympathetic system
adrenergic receptors
what do adrenergic receptors respond to
NE and E
which adrenergic receptors are more excited to NE than E
alpha 1 and 2
Location of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
most receptors
- salary glands
- repro organs
- urinary bladder
what adrenergic receptors used Ca 2nd messengers to excite receptors and G proteins
alpha 1
what does Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors use to cause inhibitory effects
- G proteins
- cAMP
location of alpha 2 receptors
- G1 tract (relaxes muscles)
- pancreatic secretions (decreased activity)
which adrenergic receptors love NE and E equally
Beta 1
function of beta 1 using g- proteins and cAMP
excitatory to increase heart rate or control kidneys to control BP
what causes kidneys to secrete renin
beta 1 adrenergic receptors
what adrenergic receptors love E more than NE
beta 2
what adrenergic receptors uses cAMP to inhibit
beta 2
function of beta 2
- inhibit respiratory airways controlled by B1
- blood vessels
which is the newest adrenergic receptors
beta 3
function of beta 3
uses cAMP to excite, causes adipose tissues to break down
what does beta 3 love more
ME
how is NMJ formed
motor neuron meeting skeletal muscle cells
does the somatic ns have ganglions
no
what events take place at NMJ
ap in motor neurones arrives at axon terminal –> Ca2+ influx –> releases ACh –> binds with chemical receptors on motor end plate –> brings about an end plate potential –> full blown ap
what is motor end plate
area on skeletal muscle that has receptors
what is gp (similar to EPSP) that occurs at skeletal muscles
end plate potential (EPP)
what digested ACh after potential
ACh estrase
what does ACh get broken down to
acetic acid (waste) and choline (recycled)
what causes death with spider venom
too much ACh which keeps depolarizing which cuases respiratory system to seize
what causes decreased ACh release and causes flacid paralysis and then death
botulism toxins
no muscle contraction aka
placid paralysis
curare symptoms
- blocks ACh receptors at motor EPP which causes paralysis
when was curare used
during war times
organophosphates is found in
pesticides
what prevents breakdown of ACh cuz there’s reduces AChE
organophosphates
what is great muscle weakness, is a autoimmune disease and ACh slowly destroyed
myasthenia gravis
when can’t eyelids contract, diffculty walking, cuz muscles fall apart
myasthenia gravis
Polio cause
poliovirus (contain mined water and food)
what happens when one has polio
attacks motor neurons –> paralysis
what disease attacks neurofilaments
ALS aka lou-gehrigs
what happens to body stuff happens in ALS
- motor neuron disease
- high glutamate levels (slow paralysis)
- mitochondria dysfunction
