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126 > chpt 5: pns+afferent sys > Flashcards

chpt 5: pns+afferent sys Flashcards

1
Q

perception

A

-creating smt in your brain with no conscience effort using neural networks

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2
Q

modality

A

different energy forms

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3
Q

sensory transduction

A

converting energy into useful energy

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4
Q

receptor adaption can be

A

tonic or phasic

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5
Q

which reception adaption is slow

A

tonic

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6
Q

which reception adaption has stretch receptors

A

tonic

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7
Q

which reception adaption manages propioception and allows standing

A

tonic

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8
Q

phasic reception adaption function

A

-rapid adaption that doesn’t cause harm

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9
Q

which reception adaption has a small hyper polarization after the stimulus is gone and why does it occur

A

phasic and when there is change in sensations

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10
Q

reception potential location

A

in a specialized afferent ending

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11
Q

greater the stimulus means

A

more frequency of the action potential

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12
Q

where is ap generated in an afferent neuron?

A

receptor site

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13
Q

which potential has a graded potential before an ap ?

A

generator potential

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14
Q

generator potential location

A

in a separate receptor cell

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15
Q

in which potential do the Ca 2+ channels open?

A

generator potential

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16
Q

where does the small graded potential occur in a generator reception?

A

between a separate receptor cell and an afferent neuron

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17
Q

labelled line meaning

A

-sequential chain that processes sensory info

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18
Q

labelled line neurons

A
  • first order sensory neuron
  • second orde sensory neuron
  • third order sensory neuron
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19
Q

first order sensory terminating location

A

CNS

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20
Q

second order sensory terminating location

A

thalamus

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21
Q

third order sensory terminating location

A

takes info to the higher cortex if needed

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22
Q

what happens in the first order sensory neuron

A

-afferent neuron detects stimulus

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23
Q

touch receptors aka

A

-mechanoreceptors

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24
Q

free nerve ending location in skin

A

superficial

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25
Q

which mechanoreceptors is the most abundant

A

free nerve ending

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26
Q

free nerve ending location

A

-hair root

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27
Q

what mechanoreceptors responds to all stimulus

A

free nerve ending

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28
Q

which mechanoreceptors are known as touch domes

A

merkels discs

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29
Q

which mechanoreceptors are superficial

A
  • free nerve ending

- merkels discs

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30
Q

which mechanoreceptor is abundant on fingertips and mammary glands

A

merkel discs

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31
Q

which mechanoreceptors is responsible for reflex action

A

merkel discs

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32
Q

which mechanoreceptors are deep in the skin

A
  • ruffins corpuscles
  • meissners corpuscles
  • pacinia corpuscles
33
Q

what does the ruffini corpuses respond to

A
  • stretch
  • deformation
  • torque
34
Q

where is the ruffini corpuses located

A

-joint

35
Q

what do the ruffini corpuscles respond to

A
  • cutting

- stitching skin

36
Q

which mechanoreceptors is slow adapting and myelinated

A

ruffini corpuscles

37
Q

which mechanoreceptors is activated by fluttering or stroking movements ?

A

meissners corpuscles

38
Q

where are miessners circles located ?

A
  • lips
  • fingers
  • nipples
  • gentalia
39
Q

which mechanoreceptors is phasic, tactile, myelinated mechanoreceptors

A

meissners corpuscles

40
Q

which mechanoreceptor is the deepest in the skin?

A

pacinina corpuscles

41
Q

what does the pacinina corpuscles respond to ?

A
  • deep pressure

- vibration

42
Q

which is the biggest mechanoreceptor

A

pacininia corpuscles

43
Q

Pain is aka

A

nociception

44
Q

fast pain neuron info

A
  • bigger diameter
  • small
  • myelinated
45
Q

what are small fast myelinated fibres aka

A

a-delta fibers

46
Q

what type of pain is sharp, stabbing, acute

A

fast pain

47
Q

slow pain neuron info

A
  • small
  • umyleinated
  • smaller diameter
48
Q

what happens when someone experiences slow pain?

A

their pain is

  • dull
  • aching
  • throbbing
  • burning
49
Q

types of pain

A
  • somatic pain
  • refered/ visceral pain
  • neuropathic pain
  • phantom
50
Q

where/when is somatic pain experienced

A
  • working out

- muscles pain

51
Q

which type of pain doesn’t need a lot o intervention

A

somatic pain

52
Q

where does the referral/ visceral pain originate ?

A

-in organs

53
Q

which type of pain is felt in a different spot then its origin point

A

referral/ visceral pain

54
Q

where is heart pain dominantly felt

A

left arm

55
Q

where is liver pain dominantly felt

A

scapula/ back

56
Q

which type of pain is referred to as chronic pain

A

-neuropathic pain

57
Q

which type of pain starts addictions

A

neuropathic pain

58
Q

what is an example of neuropathic pain

A

fibromyalgia

59
Q

explain phantom pain

A
  • feeling pain after a limb has been chopped off

- cut off regions form neuromas that randomly cause pain

60
Q

substance P and glutamate function

A

-bring about the perception of pain

61
Q

what does substance P and glutamate excite

A

-dorsal horn in spc

62
Q

what system becomes involved for modulation/ alertness of pain?

A

RAS

63
Q

what is the major excitatory pain pathway ?

A

glutamate

64
Q

which receptor causes glutamate to react the same substance P

A

AMPA receptor

65
Q

what happens when glutamate binds with NMDA receptors

A
  • causes hyper excitability
  • Ca2+ influx
  • 2nd messenger system
66
Q

what receptor is present in wounds

A

NMDA

67
Q

what does hyper excitability cause

A

light touch can be painful

68
Q

what does 2nd messenger system do

A

-make neuron more excited the usual

69
Q

function of the analgesic system

A
  • suppresses transmission in pain pathways

- releases endogenous opiates

70
Q

what stops the releases of substance P and glutamate

A

analgesic system and opioids

71
Q

what does the analgesic system depend on

A

-presence of opiate receptors

72
Q

what are endorphins triggered by

A

-exercise

73
Q

what happens when endorphins are related during a run

A
  • boost

- block muscles pain

74
Q

function of opioids

A

block pain

75
Q

endogenous opiates functions

A
  • controls emotional state
  • eating and drinking behaviours
  • controls caridovasCULAR system (BP)
76
Q

examples of endogenous opiates

A
  • endorphins
  • enkephalins
  • neurotransmitters
77
Q

what serves as analgesic neurotransmitters

A

endogenous opiates

78
Q

how do endogenous opiates block pain?

A

-bind with opiate receptors on the afferent fiber and so it prevents the release of substance p and glutamate

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