ear Flashcards
overall function of ear
- hearing
- balance
which parts of ear amplify and transmit sound waves to fluid-filled ear
external and middle ear
structures in the external ear
- pinna
- eardrum aka tympanic membrane
- ear canal aka external auditory meatus
pinna function
collects sound waves towards tympanic mem
which ear structure vibrates itself and the bones
-ear drum aka tympanic membrane
which part of the ear are the ossicles a part of
middle ear
which ossicle vibrates the oval window
staples
function of the ossicles
-transduce sound
order of ossicles (outer to most inner)
malleus -> incus -> staples
oval window location
middle ear
which window is the entrance to cochlea and touches the staples
-oval window
eustachian tube location
middle ear
what does the Eustachian tube connect to
pharynx
what is an ear infection known as
otitis
who is more likely to get ear infections
-kids
components of the inner ear
- round window
- vestibular apratus
- chochlea
which window dissipates sound
round window
which window seals off tympanic membrane from middle ear
round window
which inner ear structure contributes to balance
vestibular appratus
function of cochlea
-hearing
CN8 aka
vestibulochochlear nerve
which nerve takes sound to the temporal lobe
cn8 / vestibulochochlear nerve
function of the 3 tubes tubes in cochlea
-sound transduction occur
oval window is the ‘gateway’ to which duct of the cochlea
-vestibular duct
cochlear duct is the
middle duct
scala vestibuli aka
vestibular duct
what is the vestibular duct filled with ?
ecf/ perilymph
which duct is filled with icf/ endolymph
scala media aka cochlear duct
organ of corti function
sense organ for hearing
which structure in the cochlea is the connecting point for the upper and lower compartment
helicotrema
which ear structure has hair cells
organ of corti
how are neural signals generated in ear hair cells
-when hair is deformed or moved
what is the longer part of the hair cell called
kinocilium
what does the base of the hairs touch
basilar membrane
what does the top of the hair touch
tectoral membrane
sterocilia in organ of corti structure
smaller hair cell
position of hair cells at rest
both are straight
when does the sterocilia move towards kinochilium
during exicitation
postion of kinicilium during repolarization
-moving toward sternocilia
what is the change during 1rst transduction of modality
-mechanical change
when does the 1rst transduction occur
when tympanic membrane converts sound to vibration
fluid vibration in the outer canal of the cochlea is an example of
2nd transduction of modality
when does depolarization occur during sound conduction
- tectoral mem moves
- kinochium vibrates
when does chemical change occur during sound conduction and which stage of transduction is it
- release of neurotransmitters
- 3rd transduction
when does the 4th transduction of modality occur
when electrical change occurs
-ap is carried to temporal lobe
what cn carriers ni to temporal lobe
cn8, vestibuloarcochelar nerve
types of hearing loss (HL)
- conductive
- centeral
- sensornerual
which type of HL is reversible and caused by excessive earwax build-up
-conductive HL
ruptured eardrum is an example to which type of HL
-conductive
what happens when the ear drum is ruptured
- middle ear infections
- fluid accumulation
- restriction of ossicle movement
central HL is related to
-loss in neural pathways / or cortex
cause of central HL is
- strokes
- meningitis
which HL is uncommon and could be permanent
central loss
which type of HL is brought on by loss of sensory regions
sensorneural loss
loss of sensory region means
cochlea lost transduction capacity
who is more vulnerable to sensonerual loss
-older people
-hearing aids and cochlear with which type of HL
sensorneural loss
What happens with lose otholids?
ringing ears
which diseases increases abnormal pressure
meineres disease
symptoms of meineres disease
- dizzyness
- tinnitus
- nausea
- many affect cochlear
what misbehaves in meineres disease
vestibular apparatus
what influence does amplitude have on sound perception
-loudness
what contributes to measuring pitch of sound
frequency
function of vestibular apparatus
-equillibirum and balance
How many canals does the vestibular apparatus have?
3
what are the two otoliths organs of the vestibular apparatus
saccule
utricle
where are the hair cells on the vestibular apparatus
on the 2 otoliths regions
how are the hair cells organized in the saccule
vertically
Function of saccule
- monitor vertical movement
- trampoline and elevator
which otolith region is used for balance with leaning (moving head forward and back)
-utricle
which otolith region has hair cells are horizontal
-utricle
what is the macula covered by
otoliths
what are otoliths made of
-protein + calcium carbonate
which structure governs equilibrium and g forces
otoliths
what are the three canals of the semi-circular canals
- superior semicircular canal
- horizontal canal
- posterior canal
what is semi-circular canal filled with
isf/ endolymph
how Is ni generated in the semicircular canals
fluid vibrating
function of semi-circular canals
balance
ampula function
fluid collects
which semicircular fluid is used for head nodding (yes)
-superior semicircular canal
horizontal canal function
-shaking head ‘no’
which is the smallest semicircular canal
horizontal canal
which semicircular fluid is used for tilting your head side to side
posterior canal
which canal causes dizziness
posterior canal
