Education- Topic 2 (Paper1)

Question 1

Define labelling

Answer 1

Is to attach a meaning or definition to someone

Question 2

What are interactionist sociologists interested in

Answer 2

How people attach labels to one another, and the effects this has on those who are labelled 

Question 3

Briefly outline Beckers study and his findings

Answer 3

He carried out interviews with 60 teachers and found out that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ideal pupil 

Question 4

Working class school

Answer 4

Staff said discipline was an issue.
Ideal pupil is quiet, passive and obedient.
Children were defined in terms of them behaviour

Question 5

Middle-class school

Answer 5

Very few discipline problems. The ideal people is non-misbehaving.

Question 6

Summarise the effects of labelling in secondary schools as found by Dunne and Gazeley

Answer 6

Children will start to act how they are viewed to. 

Question 7

Summarise rist’s findings about labelling in primary school

Answer 7

Separate tables with different group, names, separate in the underachieving pupils from the rest.

Question 8

Draw a diagram to show the stages of self fulfilling prophecy.

Answer 8

Step one- the teacher labels are pupil
Step two - the teacher treats, the pupil accordingly
Step three- the pupil starts to believe the label and becomes part of that image.

Question 9

Briefly, summarise rosenthal and Jacobson’s study

Answer 9

Shows how the self fulfilling prophecy at work.
Test all students, but only choose 20% of students randomly and told the teachers they were the ones who would progress more. A year later they went back and those 20% had done better based on how the teachers treat them.

Question 10

Define streaming

Answer 10

Involves separating children into different ability, groups or classes

Question 11

Which pupils are most likely to be placed in lower streams

Answer 11

Working class, pupils

Question 12

Why is it hard for pupils to move to a higher stream?

Answer 12

Children are more or less locked into there teachers low expectations of them

Question 13


What evidence does Douglas give to show that streaming effects educational achievement?

Answer 13

He found that children placed in lower stream at age 8, had suffered a decline in their IQ score by age 11. 

Question 14

What do league tables show?

Answer 14

They rank each school according to its exam performance 

Question 15

Explain what Gillborn and Youdell mean by the A-C  economy

Answer 15

This is a system in which schools focus their time effort and resources on peoples they see as having the potential to get 5 grade C’s. 

Question 16

Define triage

Answer 16

Sorting

Question 17

Which three types do schools categorise pupils into?

Answer 17

Those who will pass anyway can be left to get on with it.
Those with potential, who will be helped to get a grade C or better.
Hopeless cases who deemed to fail

Question 18

Differentiation

Answer 18

Is the process of teachers categorising pupils, according to how they perceive their ability, attitudes and behaviour

Question 19

Polarisation

Answer 19

Is the process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving toward one of two opposite poles or extreme

Question 20

Pro school subculture

Answer 20

Pupils placed in Highstream tend to remain committed to the values of the school

Question 21

Anti-school subculture

Answer 21

Those placed in low stream suffer a loss of self-esteem the school has underminded the self-worth by placing them in a position of inferior status 

Question 22

Describe what happened at beachside when banding was abolished

Answer 22

The basis for pupils to polarise into subcultures was largely removed and the influence of the anti- school subculture declined.

Question 23

Integration

Answer 23

Being the ‘teachers pet’

Question 24

Ritualism

Answer 24

Going through the motions and staying out of trouble

Question 25

Retreatism

Answer 25

Daydreaming and mucking about

Question 26

Rebellion

Answer 26

Outright rejection of everything the school stands for

Question 27

2 criticisms labelling theory

Answer 27

Negatively labelling people
Creating low self esteem

Question 28

Define habitus

Answer 28

Is the ‘dispositions’ or learned, taken-for-granted ways of thinking, being and acting.

Question 29

Why does the schools habitus disadvantage working class pupils

Answer 29

Culture is regarded as inferior.

Question 30

Symbolic capital

Answer 30

Status

Question 31

Symbolic violence

Answer 31

When you don’t have the status

Question 32

According to archer, how do working class pupils view education

Answer 32

They felt they would have to change themselves.

Question 33

Why do some working class pupils need to create a ‘Nike’ identity?

Answer 33

As they feel locked down by society and schools

Question 34

How does this create conflict with the school

Answer 34

Doesn’t fit teacher prospects

Question 35

According to archer, why do some working class pupil reject the idea of higher education?

Answer 35

The schools middle class habitus stigmatises working class pupils identities.

Question 36

Describe how there may be conflict between working class habitus and middle class habitus.

Answer 36

There may be conflict as working class pupils are made to feel worthless by middle class habitus.

Question 37

According to Evans, which universities are working class pupils more likely to go to?

Answer 37

They are more likely to go to ones that are not elite universities. Ones that are local.

Question 38

According to the studies discussed, what choice do working class pupils have to make if they wish to achieve in education?

Answer 38

They have to abandon their we identify.
Fit in with their outlook.
Financial side.