Education - Educational Achievement - 3.2 (Ethnic Differences) Flashcards
3 external factors for ethnic differences
> Language
Family Structure
Attitudes and Values
Why is Language a reason Certain Ethnic Groups Underachieve?
lack stimulation & linguistic development through their socialisation.
Bereiter and Engelmann on Langauge of low-income black families?
- Language of low-income black-american families is inadequate for educational success.
- It’s ungrammatical, disjointed and unable of expressing abstract ideas.
How do Gilbourn & Mirza outline that concern some kids don’t speak English at home may be held back is a myth?
State school Indian students do well even without English as a 1st language.
What do Attiudes and Values theorists state is cause of ethnic differences
Cultural deprivation theorists say subcultures are socialised is fatalistic and focused on immediate gratification, resulting in lack of motivation to succeed.
Explain how Sewell criticises views of Attiudes and Values Theorists?
Only minority of black boys were in anti-school subcultures
Family Structure/Support impact on Black Pupils Sociologists
> Moynihan (Absence of Male Role Model)
> Murray (Problem with Lone Parent Families)
> Pryce (Resistance to Racism)
> Sewell (Lack of Fatherly Nurturing and Gangs)
Explain Moynihan’s view in relation why Blacks underachieve?
- Absence of male role model, in female headed black Lone Parent Families, produces inadequately socialised children who fail at school.
- And become inadequate parents themselves perpetuating culture of poverty.
Explain Murray’s view in relation why Blacks underachieve?
Afro-Caribbean Lone Parent Families is to blame and lack of male role-models means mums struggle to socialise children well.
Explain Pryce’s view in relation why Blacks underachieve?
- Asian Culture more cohesive than black culture & are more resistant to racism, but blacks aren’t.
- Due to the devasting impact of slavery means blacks lost religion, culture and heritage - leading to low self-esteem.
Explain Sewell’s view in relation why Blacks underachieve?
- Disagrees with Murray, arguing lack of fatherly nurturing leads to black boys underachieving.
- Gangs offer them perverse loyalty and love presenting boys with media-inspired role of anti-school black masculinity.
- Academically successful black boys felt biggest barrier to success was pressure, doing well at school was seen as selling out.
Explain Arnot & Sewell’s view in relation why Blacks underachieve?
- Medias created negative antischool role model for black pupils in e.g. Ultra-Tough Ghetto Superstar through rap & MTV videos.
- Black students do worse than Asian peers, as whilst 1 group is nurtured by MTV, other is clocking up educational hours.
A03 Criticisms of Family Structure/Support impact on Black Pupils Sociologists
> Gilbourn (Sewell) > Lawrence (Pryce) > Driver (Murray) > Keddie > Ball
Keddie on Criticisms of Family Structure Theorists
- BAME students are culturally different not deprived.
- Fail due to ethnocentric curriculum being in favour of the Whites.
How does Driver criticise Murray’s view on why Blacks underachieve?
Black families not dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong independent women, so do better in education.
Ball on Criticisms of Family Structure Theorists
Argues BAME fail as parents less aware of to manipulate system, so it’s rather due to cultural exclusions.
How does Lawerence criticise Pryce’s view on why Blacks underachieve?
Blacks fail due to racism, rather than low-self esteem.
How does Gilbourn criticise Sewell view on why Blacks underachieve?
Not peer pressure, but Institutional Racism in education producing failure of large number of Black Boys.
Family Structure/Support impact on Asian Pupils Sociologists
> Sewell (Asian Work Ethic)
Lupton (Adult Authority)
Driver & Ballard (Asian Family Pro-School Attitudes)
Explain Sewell’s view in relation to why Asian Pupils have higher achievement?
Indian and Chinese pupils benefit from supportive families who have an ‘Asian work ethic’ placing high value on education.
Explain Lupton’s view in relation to why Asian Pupils have higher achievement?
- Adult authority in Asian families simillar to that in schools.
- So parents more likely to support school behaviour policies.
Explain Driver and Ballard’s view in relation to why Asian Pupils have higher achievement?
- Asian families have more ‘Pro-School’ attitude than blacks.
- Asian families rarely lone parents so offer bigger support network for children.
Why are Cultural Deprivation Theorists against Compensatory Education?
Driver (1977) CD ignores the positive effects ethnicity
Lawrence (1982) Black pupils underachieve because of racism.
Keddie- EM’s not culturally deprived but culturally different
Family Structure/Support impact on White Pupils Sociologists
Evans: working class street culture can be brutal, as a result of this power games which are played on the street are replicated in school,
Lupton’s findings on the Behaviour of BAME compared to White
- Studied 4 working Schools, with different ethnic compositions.
- Teacher reported worse behaviour in White working class schools.
- Seen as result of lower levels of parental and support and negative attitudes towards education.
- BAME more likely to see education as way up in society.
Material Deprivation
> Palmer:
Almost half of Bangladeshi and Pakistani workers earn under £7
EM’s more likely to be homeless
Almost half ethnic minority children live in low income households
What were Bangla and Paki women most likely to be according to Palmer?
low paid homeworkers
3 Reasons why BAME are at greater risk of material deprivation?
> Live in areas with high unemployment rate and low wage rates.
> Lack of language skills & foreign unrecognised qualifications.
> Racial discrimination in the labour market and housing market.
What are the trends for Indian Pupils whose achievements are above average?
- Likely to be from better-off backgrounds
- e.g group most likely to attend private schools
What are the trends for Indian and Chinese Pupils who’re materially deprived?
Indian and Chinese pupils who’re materially deprived still do well
- e.g. Chinese girls who are on FSM achieved more 5+ GCSEs compared to white girls not on FSM.