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AQA A-Level Sociology Burnley College > Crime & Media - 4.6 > Flashcards

Crime & Media - 4.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

A

> Overrepresents violent & sexual crime

> Criminals & victims portrayed as older & more MC than reality

> Exaggerate police success in clearing up cases

> Exaggerate risk of victimisation

> Reported as series of separate events

> Overplays extraordinary crime

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2
Q

Social Construction of News - Cohen & Young

A

> Media gives distorted picture of crime - news isn’t discovered but manufactured

> Not simply out there to be collected, rather process of selection/rejection occurs

> So some stories are selected & others rejected

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3
Q

News Values - Cohen & Young

A

Criteria used to decide if story is newsworthy enough & has more chance of making news if it meets values

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4
Q

Examples of News Values

A

> Risk
Violence
Celebrities
Unexpectedness
Personalisation: Human interests stories about individuals
Immediacy: Breaking News
Dramatisation: Action & Excitement
Simplification: Clear stories

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5
Q

Link vs News Values & Crime

A

Media give lots of attention to crime as it focuses on unusual & abnormal behaviour, making it more newsworthy

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6
Q

Surette - Fictional Representation (FR) & Law of Opposites

A

> Fictional representations are direct opposite to reality

> FR of sex crimes are done by psychopathic stranger, but in reality it is usually acquaintances

> FR of cops always seen as getting their man, but lots of crimes are unsolved

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7
Q

General view on Media as cause of Crime

A

> Negative effect on young & WC, rap lyrics, horror films & games

> e.g. GTA criticised for encouraging violence & criminality.

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8
Q

Ways in Media Causes Crime

A 
> Imitation
> Arousal
> Desensitisation
> Transmitting Knowledge
> Stimulating desires for unaffordable goods 
> Glamourisation of Offending
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9
Q

Criticisms of Media Causing Crime

A

Research shows exposure to media violence has little negative effect

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10
Q

Livingstone - Criticisms of Media Causing Crime

A

Despite findings, societies still obsessed by desire for childhood to be golden age of innocence

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11
Q

Media & Fear of Crime

A

> Media exaggerate violent crime & risks of certain groups becoming victims e.g. young women and pensioners

> Causing unrealistic fear of crime

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12
Q

Greer & Reiner - Fear of Crime

A

> Ignores that people give different meanings to media violence e.g. in cartoons, horror films & news

> Shows interactionist idea if we want to look at effects of media, need look at meanings of what they see & read

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13
Q

Lea & Young - Media, Relative Dep & Crime

A

> Stimulates RD & social exclusion felt by poor, who can’t afford material goods, so turn to crime

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14
Q

Cultural Criminology - Hayward & Young

A

> In media-saturated society now immersed in media scape incl. images of crime

> Blurs boundary vs image & reality

> e.g. gang assaults staged for camera & put together in underground fight videos

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15
Q

Cultural Criminology - Fenwick & Hayward (Media & Commodification)

A

> Images of crime used to sell product, so it becomes a style to be consumed & marketed to youth as e.g. romantic & exciting

> Fashion industry trades on images of forbidden brands e.g. Opium, Poison & Obsession & S60

> Works opposite way too e.g. if brands associated with criminality it’s banned in pubs & clubs & become tools of classification for potential criminals

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16
Q

Moral Panic

A

Exaggerated & irrational overreaction by society to a perceived problem.

17
Q

Process of Moral Panic

A

> Media see group as threat to societal values, negatively stereotyping them, exaggerates issue

> Media reject behaviour, leads to call for crackdown, creating self fulfilling prophecy & amplifies issue causing initial panic

> e.g. special drug squad, so police discover more drug taking

> Crackdown identifies + deviants, calls for tougher action, creates deviancy amplification spiral

18
Q

Cohen - Moral Panic & Mods & Rockers

A

> 2 teen subcultures were initially friends & not deviant but their were confrontations during easter weekend

> e.g. a few scuffles & minor property damage, exaggerated by media

> Overnight a new folk devil was created & created moral panic

19
Q

3 Elements to Media Exaggeration of Mods & Rockers

A

> Symbolisation
Exaggeration & Distortion
Prediction

20
Q

Symbolisation - 3 Elements to Media Exaggeration of Mods & Rockers

A

> Media used symbolic shorthands e.g. hairstyles, clothing & music as icons of troublemakers

> Provided list 2 wider society to beware of these people & so negatively labelled

> Media use of symbols allowed them to link, unconnected events

21
Q

Exaggeration & Distortion - 3 Elements to Media Exaggeration of Mods & Rockers

A

> Media exaggerated numbers & seriousness of violence & damage, distorting picture, through sensational headlines

> Non-events even reported as news e.g. invasions not materialising

22
Q

Prediction - 3 Elements to Media Exaggeration of Mods & Rockers

A

> Media predicted + conflict would ensue

23
Q

Cohen - Wider Context, Moral Panic & M&R

A

> Moral panics due to boundary crisis, uncertainty on boundary vs moral & immoral behaviour at time of social change

> Folk devils give focus to popular anxieties about social disorder

24
Q

Functionalist view on Moral Panics

A

> Moral panics responds to anomie created by change, dramatises threat to society

> So media raises collective conscience & reassert social control when central values are threatened.

25
Q

Neo-Marxist view on Moral Panics

A

> NM used concept of MP e.g. Hall, argue MP on mugging used to distract attention from crisis of capitalism

> Dividing WC on racial grounds & legitimate authoritarian rule.

26
Q

General Criticisms of Moral Panic

A

> Why some problems are amplified & others not, why do they die down instead of increasing infinitely

27
Q

Left Realism - Criticisms of Moral Panics

A

> Assumes societal reaction is over the top, but who decides what’s proportionate reaction

> LR feel fear of crime is rational

28
Q

Thomas - Definition of Cybercrime

A

Computer-mediated activities illegal or illicit & done through global electronic networks

29
Q

Wall - 4 Categories of Cybercrime

A

> Cyber-Trespass
Cyber-Deception
Cyber-Porn
Cyber-Violence

30
Q

Cyber-Trespass

A

Hacking others property e.g. spreading viruses

31
Q

Cyber-Deception

A

Identity theft e.g. phishing & violation of intellectual property rights e.g. illegal downloading

32
Q

Cyber-Pornography

A

Involves minor & chances for kids to access it on the net

33
Q

Cyber-Violence

A

Physiological harm e.g. cyberstalking, hate crimes vs minority groups & text-bullying

34
Q

Policing Cyber Crime

A

> Difficult due to scale of internet, limited resources of police & globalised nature

> But new ICT, gives police & state + chances to surveil pop

> e.g. CCTV, Electronic Databases, Fingerprints etc

AQA A-Level Sociology Burnley College (36 decks)

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