Education

Question 1

What was education like under Alexander II?

Answer 1

• 1864: The Zemstva was put in charge of elementary education and other educational reforms.
• In 1877, school inspections were introduced.
• Tolstoy manipulated the school curriculum to exclude lower-class children.

Question 2

What was education like under Alexander III?

Answer 2

• Lower class children were banned from attending secondary school.
• Elections to university councils were changed to an appointment system.
• Whips were used to disperse uni

-

Question 3

What was education like under Nicholas II?

Answer 3

• Under Nicholas II, the 1st Duma announced a plan for ‘universal primary education’ to be achieved by 1922. However, this was stopped by WW1 and the 1917 revolution.
• There was an expansion in the number of schools and the number of students attending.
• Stolypin made all non-academic meetings at uni illegal.
• By 1914, 51% of the primary school age population attended school.

Question 4

What was education like under Lenin?

Answer 4

• Bolsheviks scrapped traditional grammar schools and replaced them with polytechnic vocational courses.
• These courses placed a heavy emphasis on skills development that would be directly related to a particular area of work.

-

Question 5

What was education like under Stalin?

Answer 5

• Education for under 12’s was made compulsory in 1930.
• 8 million children in primary school in 1929 to 18 million children in 1930.
• 1931 to 1942- a further 14.4 million increase in children in secondary schools.

Question 6

What was education like under Khrushchev?

Answer 6

• School fees were scrapped.
• Reverted to polytechnic education
• Specialist academies and correspondence sources were created and spread rapidly
• History books were re-written - destalinisation

Question 7

When was education for under 12’s made compulsory?

Answer 7

in 1930

Question 8

what was the increase in primary school children attending school between 1929 and 1930?

Answer 8

8 million children in primary school in 1929 to 18 million children in 1930.

Question 9

what was the increase in children in secondary schools between 1931 and 1942?

Answer 9

a further 14.4 million increase in children in secondary schools

Question 10

who banned lower class children from attending secondary school?

Answer 10

Alexander III

Question 11

under alexander II, who manipulated the school currciulum to exclude lower class children?

Answer 11

Tolstoy