Edema and Effusions Flashcards
Difference between edema and effusion
Edema: accumulation of fluid in tissues
Effusion: accumulation of fluid in body cavities
causes of edema
increased hydrostatic pressure
reduce plasma colloid pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
sodium retention
inflammation
causes of increased hydrostatic pressure
disorders that impair venous return and systemic increases in venous pressure
causes of reduced plasma oncotic pressure
consequences of hypoproteinemia
edema
reduced intravascular volume
renal hypoperfusion
secondary hyperaldosteronism
causes of lymphatic obstruction
inflammation
neoplasms
trauma
postradiation
infection
fibrosis
can lead to lymphedema
causes of sodium retention
other causes of edema
morphology of edema
clearing and separation of ECM with subtle swelling
describe edema in subQ tissues
distribution is influenced by gravity (dependent edema)
cam impair wound healing
often caused by cardiac and renal disease
describe edema in the brain
local or generalized depending on the pathologic process
narrowed sulci and distanced gyri
describe edema of the lungs
weight 2-3x normal
frothy blood-tinged fluid: edema, air, and extravasated RBCs
caused by LVH, infection, renal failure and ARDS
describe the content of effusions
usually protein poor, translucent and straw-colored
except peritoneal effusions that are caused by lymph obstruction (milky due to the presence of lipids absorbed from the gut)
