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Pathology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that limit coagulation

A

Simple diffusion

Requirement for negatively charged particles

Factors exposed by intact endothelium

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2
Q

how does simple diffusion limit coagulation

A

when blood flows past the site of injury, it washes out the activated coagulation factors

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3
Q

what provides negatively charged phospholipids to activate coagulation

A

platelets that have had contact with the subendothelial matrix at sites of vascular injury

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4
Q

Things that activate factor 12

A

collagen

negative charges

basement membrane

activated platelets

HMWK

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5
Q

what inhibits factor 12

A

Pre-kallikrein deficiency

ACR inhibitors

C1 Inhibitors

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6
Q

what happens when there is a deficiency in factor 12

A

the patient does not have an increased bleeding time, but will be more susceptible to thrombi

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7
Q

Activators of factor 9

A

Vitamin K

11a

calcium

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8
Q

inhibitors of factor 9

A

warfarin

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9
Q

activators of factor 8

A

2a

calcium

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10
Q

inhibitors of factor 8

A

Protein C

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11
Q

what increases the half life of factor 8

A

binding to vWF while in circulation

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12
Q

activators of factor 7

A

vitamin K

endothelial damage

calcium

tissue factor

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13
Q

inhibitors of factor 7

A

warfarin

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14
Q

activators of factor 10

A

vitamin K

calcium

factor 9

factor 8

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15
Q

inhibitors of factor 10

A

warfarin

antithrombin

heparin

direct 10a inhibitors

tissue factor pathway inhibtor

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16
Q

activators of factor 5

A

2a

17
Q

inhibitors of factor 5

A

protein C

18
Q

purpose of Factor 5

A

activate thrombin (factor 2a), so that it can form the fibrin polymer

19
Q

Factor 2a (Thrombin) Activators

A

10a

5a

20
Q

Factor 2a (Thrombin) Inhibitors

A

Antithrombin

Heparin

Direct thrombin inhibitors

21
Q

What does thrombin/ factor 2a activate

A

factors: 1a, 8a, 5a, 13a, thrombomodulin

22
Q

Factor 1

A

Fibrinogen; becomes activated by thrombin to make fibrin polymer

23
Q

what does factor 13a do

A

cross-links fibrin clot to stabilize fibrin plug

24
Q

activators of factor 13

A

2a

calcium

25
Q

Purpose of calcium/ factor 4

A

indices clotting when released from activated platelets

clotting inhibited by EDTA

26
Q

what activates plasmin

A

tPA

antithrombin

thrombolytics

27
Q

Primary Fibrinolysis

cause and labs

A

Cause: overactive plasmin

Labs: increased fibrin split products but Normal D Dimer

increased PT/PTT

28
Q

conditions associated with overactive plasmin

A

Prostate cancer: due to release of urokinase

Loss of alpha antitrypsin in liver cirrosis

29
Q

what inhibits formation of plasmin

A

aminocaproic acid

alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor

30
Q

what activates vitamin K

A

epoxide reductase

31
Q

inhibitors od vitamin K

A

depleted gut flora

warfarin

malabsorption

32
Q

purpose of epoxide reductase

A

cofactor for GGT, which activates factors 2,7,9,10, Proteins C & C

Pathology (18 decks)

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