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DERM (Dermatology) > Eczema > Flashcards

Eczema Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is Eczema?

A

A chronic atopic condition caused by defects in the normal continuity of the skin barrier, leading to inflammation.

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2
Q

Environmental Triggers of Eczema (5).

A
  1. Change in Temperature.
  2. Certain Dietary Products.
  3. Washing Powders.
  4. Cleaning Products.
  5. Emotional Events/Stresses.
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3
Q

Pathophysiology of Eczema (3).

A
  1. Defect in Barrier of Skin.
  2. Entry of Irritants, Microbes and Allergens.
  3. Immune Response - Inflammation.
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4
Q

Clinical Features of Eczema.

A

Dry red itchy sore patches of skin over flexor surfaces, face and neck.

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5
Q

Maintenance Management of Eczema (2).

A

Aim : Create Artificial Barrier -

  1. Emollients and Soap Substitutes.
  2. Avoid Activities that Break Barrier e.g. Hot Water Bath, Scratching, Scrubbing, Soaps/Body Washes that Remove Natural Oils.
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6
Q

Steroid Ladder in Eczema (4).

A
  1. Mild : Hydrocortisone.
  2. Moderate : Eumovate.
  3. Strong : Betnovate.
  4. Intense : Dermovate.
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7
Q

Steroid Rules in Eczema (2).

A
  1. Weakest Steroid for Shortest Period to get Skin Under Control.
  2. 1 FTU - Finger Tip Unit is sufficient to treat a skin area about twice that of the flat of an adult hand.
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8
Q

Adverse Effects of Topical Steroids (3).

A
  1. Thinning of Skin (More Vulnerable to Flares, Bruising and Damage).
  2. Systemic Absorption.
  3. Telangiectasia.
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9
Q

Flare Management of Eczema (4).

A
  1. Thicker Emollient.
  2. Topical Steroids.
  3. Wet Wraps (Thick Emollient and Wrap to Keep Moisture Locked In).
  4. Complication Treatment - Infection (IV Antibiotics, Oral Steroids).
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10
Q

Specialist Management of Severe Eczema (4).

A
  1. Zinc Impregnated Bandages.
  2. Topical Tacrolimus.
  3. Phototherapy.
  4. Systemic Immunosuppressants.
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11
Q

Complication of Eczema.

A
  1. Opportunistic Bacterial Infection - S. aureus (Oral Antibiotic = Flucloxacillin).
  2. Kids - Eczema Herpeticum.
  3. Erythroderma.
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12
Q

What is Erythroderma?

A

Dermatological Malignancy : Widespread erythema affecting >90% of skin surface - heat and fluid loss.

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13
Q

Aetiology of Erythroderma.

A

Exacerbation of Pre-Existing Skin Condition e.g. Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Pityriasis Rubra Pillars.

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14
Q

Management of Erythroderma.

A

Supportive - Fluids, Emollients and Underlying Cause.

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15
Q

What is Eczema Herpeticum?

A

Dermatological Emergency : Viral skin infection in patients with eczema caused by HSV-1 or VZV.

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16
Q

Clinical Presentation of Eczema Herpeticum (3).

A
  1. Widespread erythematous painful vesicular rash with systemic symptoms and lymphadenopathy.
  2. Coldsore.
  3. Pre-Existing Skin Condition.
17
Q

Rash in Eczema Herpeticum (6).

A
  1. Widespread.
  2. Erythematous.
  3. Painful.
  4. Itchy.
  5. Vesicles with Pus - Burst.
  6. Punched-Out Ulcers with Red Base.
18
Q

Management in Eczema Herpeticum (2).

A
  1. Viral Swabs (Diagnostic).

2. Start Management Based on Clinical Appearance - Aciclovir.

19
Q

What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

A

Dermatitis affecting areas of skin rich in sebaceous glands.

20
Q

Presentation of Seborrheic Dermatitis.

A
  1. Ill-Defined.
  2. Greasy.
  3. Flaky Scales.
  4. Erythematous Background.
  5. Sebum-Rich Area : Nasolabial Fold, Posterior Auricular Skin and Scalp.
  6. Otitis Externa, Blepharitis (Complication).
  7. HIV, Parkinson’s (Associations).
21
Q

Pathophysiology of Seborrheic Dermatitis.

A

Proliferation of a yeast (M. furfural) on skin causes inflammation.

22
Q

Management of Seborrheic Dermatitis.

A
  1. Zinc Pyrithione Shampoo (OTC).
  2. Ketoconazole Shampoo/Cream.
  3. Short Course of Topical Steroid.
23
Q

Management of Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis.

A

Topical Emollient - Olive Oil Massaged to Scalp and Brush Scales gently off.

24
Q

Presentation of Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis.

A

Cradle Cap - Diffuse yellow greasy scales with no underlying erythema - scalp, armpit or groin.

25
Q

Types of Contact Dermatitis (2).

A
  1. Allergic Contact - Type IV Hypersensitivity Syndrome.

2. Irritant Contact Dermatitis.

DERM (Dermatology) (17 decks)

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