Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DERM (Dermatology) > Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Drug Reactions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is an Urticarial Eruption characterised by?

A
  1. Hives (Itchy Red Wheals) Lasting Few Minutes.
  2. Angioedema and Flushing.
  3. Pruritus.
  4. Patchy Erythematous Rash.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an Urticarial Eruption characterised by?

A
  1. Hives (Itchy Red Wheals) Lasting Few Minutes.
  2. Angioedema and Flushing.
  3. Pruritus.
  4. Patchy Erythematous Rash.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Urticaria?

A

Local or generalised superficial swelling of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathophysiology of Urticaria.

A

Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity that occurs rapidly after taking drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aetiology of Acute Urticaria (5).

A
  1. Allergy.
  2. Drugs.
  3. Stinging Nettle, Chemical Reaction, Insect Bite.
  4. Viral Infections.
  5. Dermatographism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drug Causes of Urticaria (4).

A
  1. NSAIDs.
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins.
  3. Opiates.
  4. ACE Inhibitors.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aetiology of Chronic Urticaria.

A
  1. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Recurrent Episodes).
  2. Chronic Inducible Urticaria (Triggers).
  3. Autoimmune Urticaria (Underlying Autoimmune Condition).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Investigations of Urticaria.

A

Diagnosis : Skin Prick Test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management of Urticaria (2).

A
  1. Non-Sedating Antihistamine (1st Line) e.g. Fexofenadine.

2. Prednisolone (Severe/Resistant Episode).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specialist Management of Urticaria (3).

A
  1. LRA e.g. Montelukast.
  2. Omalizumab (IgE Target).
  3. Cyclosporin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Morbilliform Eruption characterised by?

A

Generalised Maculopapular Rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathophysiology of Morbilliform Eruption.

A

Type IV T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity (Delay of 1-2 Weeks).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aetiology Morbilliform Eruption.

A
  1. Drugs.

2. Paediatrics : Viral Xanthem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug Causes of Morbilliform Eruption (4).

A
  1. Amoxicillin (Especially if Infected with EBV).
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics.
  3. Sulphonamides.
  4. Allopurinol.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Fixed Drug Eruption?

A

Circular erythematous patches that may contain a blister that recur in the same location every time the drug is taken. After healing, pigmentation may remain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drug Causes of Fixed Drug Eruption (3).

A
  1. Paracetamol.
  2. Sulphonamides.
  3. Tetracycline Antibiotics.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Lichenoid Eruption characterised by? (3)

A
  1. Purple Pruritic Polygonal Planar Papules/Plaques.
  2. Longitudinal Ridging in Nails.
  3. 2 Months After Medication.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aetiology of Lichenoid Eruption (6).

A
  1. Anti-HTN Medications e.g. B-Blockers, Thiazides, ACE Inhibitors.
  2. Anti-Malarials.
  3. Gold.
  4. Penicillamine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features of Lichen Planus. (4).

A
  1. Itchy Papular Rash - Palms, Soles, Genitalia, Flexor Surfaces.
  2. Wickham’s Striae (White Lines on Surface).
  3. Koebner Phenomenon : New Skin Lesions at Site of Trauma.
  4. Oral Involvement : White-Lace Pattern on Buccal Mucosa.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differences between Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Eruption.

A
  1. No Effect on Oral Mucosa.
  2. No Wickham Striae.
  3. Commonly affects Trunk.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of Lichen Planus (3).

A
  1. Potent Topical Steroids.
  2. Oral - Benzydamina Mouthwash/Spray.
  3. Extensive - Oral Steroids/Immunosuppression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Epidermal Necrosis Spectrum?

A

A spectrum of condition where a disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis, resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of the skin :

  1. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (<10% of Body Surface Area).
  2. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (>10% of Body Surface Area).
23
Q

Drug Causes of Epidermal Necrosis.

A
  1. Anti-Epileptics.
  2. Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins.
  3. Allopurinol.
  4. NSAIDs.
  5. Sulphonamides.
  6. OCP.
24
Q

Infective Causes of Epidermal Necrosis (4).

A
  1. HSV.
  2. Mycoplasma pneumonia.
  3. CMV.
  4. HIV.
25
Q

Clinical Presentation of Epidermal Necrosis (5).

A
  1. Start : Non-Specific Symptoms of Fever, Cough, Sore Throat, Sore Mouth, Sore Eyes, Itchy Skin.
  2. Purple/Red Maculopapular Rash with Target Lesion Spreading Across the Skin.
  3. Blistering.
  4. Skin Sheds.
  5. Pain, Erythema, Blistering and Shedding : Lips, Mucous Membranes, Eyes, Urinary Tract, Lungs, Internal Organs.
26
Q

Investigations of Epidermal Necrosis (3).

A
  1. Clinical Diagnosis.
  2. Skin Biopsy.
  3. Ophthalmology Urgent Referral.
27
Q

Management of Epidermal Necrosis (4).

A
  1. Medical Emergency.
  2. Admit to Dermatology/Burns Unit.
  3. Supportive Care : Nutritional Care, Anti-Septics, Analgesia, Ophthalmology.
  4. Medications : Steroids, Immunoglobulins and Immunosuppressants.
28
Q

Complications of Epidermal Necrosis (3).

A
  1. Secondary Infection e.g. Cellulitis, Sepsis.
  2. Permanent Skin Damage - Scarring.
  3. Visual Complications.
29
Q

What is Urticaria?

A

Local or generalised superficial swelling of the skin.

30
Q

Pathophysiology of Urticaria.

A

Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity that occurs rapidly after taking drug.

31
Q

Aetiology of Acute Urticaria (5).

A
  1. Allergy.
  2. Drugs.
  3. Stinging Nettle, Chemical Reaction, Insect Bite.
  4. Viral Infections.
  5. Dermatographism.
32
Q

Drug Causes of Urticaria (4).

A
  1. NSAIDs.
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins.
  3. Opiates.
  4. ACE Inhibitors.
33
Q

Aetiology of Chronic Urticaria.

A
  1. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Recurrent Episodes).
  2. Chronic Inducible Urticaria (Triggers).
  3. Autoimmune Urticaria (Underlying Autoimmune Condition).
34
Q

Investigations of Urticaria.

A

Diagnosis : Skin Prick Test.

35
Q

Management of Urticaria (2).

A
  1. Non-Sedating Antihistamine (1st Line) e.g. Fexofenadine.

2. Prednisolone (Severe/Resistant Episode).

36
Q

Specialist Management of Urticaria (3).

A
  1. LRA e.g. Montelukast.
  2. Omalizumab (IgE Target).
  3. Cyclosporin.
37
Q

What is a Morbilliform Eruption characterised by?

A

Generalised Maculopapular Rash.

38
Q

Pathophysiology of Morbilliform Eruption.

A

Type IV T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity (Delay of 1-2 Weeks).

39
Q

Aetiology Morbilliform Eruption.

A
  1. Drugs.

2. Paediatrics : Viral Xanthem.

40
Q

Drug Causes of Morbilliform Eruption (4).

A
  1. Amoxicillin (Especially if Infected with EBV).
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics.
  3. Sulphonamides.
  4. Allopurinol.
41
Q

What is a Fixed Drug Eruption?

A

Circular erythematous patches that may contain a blister that recur in the same location every time the drug is taken. After healing, pigmentation may remain.

42
Q

Drug Causes of Fixed Drug Eruption (3).

A
  1. Paracetamol.
  2. Sulphonamides.
  3. Tetracycline Antibiotics.
43
Q

What is a Lichenoid Eruption characterised by? (3)

A
  1. Purple Pruritic Polygonal Planar Papules/Plaques.
  2. Longitudinal Ridging in Nails.
  3. 2 Months After Medication.
44
Q

Aetiology of Lichenoid Eruption (6).

A
  1. Anti-HTN Medications e.g. B-Blockers, Thiazides, ACE Inhibitors.
  2. Anti-Malarials.
  3. Gold.
  4. Penicillamine.
45
Q

Features of Lichen Planus. (4).

A
  1. Itchy Papular Rash - Palms, Soles, Genitalia, Flexor Surfaces.
  2. Wickham’s Striae (White Lines on Surface).
  3. Koebner Phenomenon : New Skin Lesions at Site of Trauma.
  4. Oral Involvement : White-Lace Pattern on Buccal Mucosa.
46
Q

Differences between Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Eruption.

A
  1. No Effect on Oral Mucosa.
  2. No Wickham Striae.
  3. Commonly affects Trunk.
47
Q

Management of Lichen Planus (3).

A
  1. Potent Topical Steroids.
  2. Oral - Benzydamina Mouthwash/Spray.
  3. Extensive - Oral Steroids/Immunosuppression.
48
Q

What is the Epidermal Necrosis Spectrum?

A

A spectrum of condition where a disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis, resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of the skin :

  1. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (<10% of Body Surface Area).
  2. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (>10% of Body Surface Area).
49
Q

Drug Causes of Epidermal Necrosis.

A
  1. Anti-Epileptics.
  2. Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins.
  3. Allopurinol.
  4. NSAIDs.
  5. Sulphonamides.
  6. OCP.
50
Q

Infective Causes of Epidermal Necrosis (4).

A
  1. HSV.
  2. Mycoplasma pneumonia.
  3. CMV.
  4. HIV.
51
Q

Clinical Presentation of Epidermal Necrosis (5).

A
  1. Start : Non-Specific Symptoms of Fever, Cough, Sore Throat, Sore Mouth, Sore Eyes, Itchy Skin.
  2. Purple/Red Maculopapular Rash with Target Lesion Spreading Across the Skin.
  3. Blistering.
  4. Skin Sheds.
  5. Pain, Erythema, Blistering and Shedding : Lips, Mucous Membranes, Eyes, Urinary Tract, Lungs, Internal Organs.
52
Q

Investigations of Epidermal Necrosis (3).

A
  1. Clinical Diagnosis.
  2. Skin Biopsy.
  3. Ophthalmology Urgent Referral.
53
Q

Management of Epidermal Necrosis (4).

A
  1. Medical Emergency.
  2. Admit to Dermatology/Burns Unit.
  3. Supportive Care : Nutritional Care, Anti-Septics, Analgesia, Ophthalmology.
  4. Medications : Steroids, Immunoglobulins and Immunosuppressants.
54
Q

Complications of Epidermal Necrosis (3).

A
  1. Secondary Infection e.g. Cellulitis, Sepsis.
  2. Permanent Skin Damage - Scarring.
  3. Visual Complications.

DERM (Dermatology) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions