Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DERM (Dermatology) > Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Drug Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Urticarial Eruption characterised by?

A
  1. Hives (Itchy Red Wheals) Lasting Few Minutes.
  2. Angioedema and Flushing.
  3. Pruritus.
  4. Patchy Erythematous Rash.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an Urticarial Eruption characterised by?

A
  1. Hives (Itchy Red Wheals) Lasting Few Minutes.
  2. Angioedema and Flushing.
  3. Pruritus.
  4. Patchy Erythematous Rash.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Urticaria?

A

Local or generalised superficial swelling of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathophysiology of Urticaria.

A

Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity that occurs rapidly after taking drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aetiology of Acute Urticaria (5).

A
  1. Allergy.
  2. Drugs.
  3. Stinging Nettle, Chemical Reaction, Insect Bite.
  4. Viral Infections.
  5. Dermatographism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drug Causes of Urticaria (4).

A
  1. NSAIDs.
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins.
  3. Opiates.
  4. ACE Inhibitors.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aetiology of Chronic Urticaria.

A
  1. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Recurrent Episodes).
  2. Chronic Inducible Urticaria (Triggers).
  3. Autoimmune Urticaria (Underlying Autoimmune Condition).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Investigations of Urticaria.

A

Diagnosis : Skin Prick Test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management of Urticaria (2).

A
  1. Non-Sedating Antihistamine (1st Line) e.g. Fexofenadine.

2. Prednisolone (Severe/Resistant Episode).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specialist Management of Urticaria (3).

A
  1. LRA e.g. Montelukast.
  2. Omalizumab (IgE Target).
  3. Cyclosporin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Morbilliform Eruption characterised by?

A

Generalised Maculopapular Rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathophysiology of Morbilliform Eruption.

A

Type IV T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity (Delay of 1-2 Weeks).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aetiology Morbilliform Eruption.

A
  1. Drugs.

2. Paediatrics : Viral Xanthem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug Causes of Morbilliform Eruption (4).

A
  1. Amoxicillin (Especially if Infected with EBV).
  2. B-Lactam Antibiotics.
  3. Sulphonamides.
  4. Allopurinol.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Fixed Drug Eruption?

A

Circular erythematous patches that may contain a blister that recur in the same location every time the drug is taken. After healing, pigmentation may remain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drug Causes of Fixed Drug Eruption (3).

A
  1. Paracetamol.
  2. Sulphonamides.
  3. Tetracycline Antibiotics.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Lichenoid Eruption characterised by? (3)

A
  1. Purple Pruritic Polygonal Planar Papules/Plaques.
  2. Longitudinal Ridging in Nails.
  3. 2 Months After Medication.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aetiology of Lichenoid Eruption (6).

A
  1. Anti-HTN Medications e.g. B-Blockers, Thiazides, ACE Inhibitors.
  2. Anti-Malarials.
  3. Gold.
  4. Penicillamine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features of Lichen Planus. (4).

A
  1. Itchy Papular Rash - Palms, Soles, Genitalia, Flexor Surfaces.
  2. Wickham’s Striae (White Lines on Surface).
  3. Koebner Phenomenon : New Skin Lesions at Site of Trauma.
  4. Oral Involvement : White-Lace Pattern on Buccal Mucosa.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differences between Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Eruption.

A
  1. No Effect on Oral Mucosa.
  2. No Wickham Striae.
  3. Commonly affects Trunk.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of Lichen Planus (3).

A
  1. Potent Topical Steroids.
  2. Oral - Benzydamina Mouthwash/Spray.
  3. Extensive - Oral Steroids/Immunosuppression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Epidermal Necrosis Spectrum?

A

A spectrum of condition where a disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis, resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of the skin :

  1. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (<10% of Body Surface Area).
  2. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (>10% of Body Surface Area).
23
Q

Drug Causes of Epidermal Necrosis.

A
  1. Anti-Epileptics.
  2. Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins.
  3. Allopurinol.
  4. NSAIDs.
  5. Sulphonamides.
  6. OCP.
24
Q

Infective Causes of Epidermal Necrosis (4).

A
  1. HSV.
  2. Mycoplasma pneumonia.
  3. CMV.
  4. HIV.
25
Clinical Presentation of Epidermal Necrosis (5).
1. Start : Non-Specific Symptoms of Fever, Cough, Sore Throat, Sore Mouth, Sore Eyes, Itchy Skin. 2. Purple/Red Maculopapular Rash with Target Lesion Spreading Across the Skin. 3. Blistering. 4. Skin Sheds. 5. Pain, Erythema, Blistering and Shedding : Lips, Mucous Membranes, Eyes, Urinary Tract, Lungs, Internal Organs.
26
Investigations of Epidermal Necrosis (3).
1. Clinical Diagnosis. 2. Skin Biopsy. 3. Ophthalmology Urgent Referral.
27
Management of Epidermal Necrosis (4).
1. Medical Emergency. 2. Admit to Dermatology/Burns Unit. 3. Supportive Care : Nutritional Care, Anti-Septics, Analgesia, Ophthalmology. 4. Medications : Steroids, Immunoglobulins and Immunosuppressants.
28
Complications of Epidermal Necrosis (3).
1. Secondary Infection e.g. Cellulitis, Sepsis. 2. Permanent Skin Damage - Scarring. 3. Visual Complications.
29
What is Urticaria?
Local or generalised superficial swelling of the skin.
30
Pathophysiology of Urticaria.
Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity that occurs rapidly after taking drug.
31
Aetiology of Acute Urticaria (5).
1. Allergy. 2. Drugs. 3. Stinging Nettle, Chemical Reaction, Insect Bite. 4. Viral Infections. 5. Dermatographism.
32
Drug Causes of Urticaria (4).
1. NSAIDs. 2. B-Lactam Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins. 3. Opiates. 4. ACE Inhibitors.
33
Aetiology of Chronic Urticaria.
1. Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Recurrent Episodes). 2. Chronic Inducible Urticaria (Triggers). 3. Autoimmune Urticaria (Underlying Autoimmune Condition).
34
Investigations of Urticaria.
Diagnosis : Skin Prick Test.
35
Management of Urticaria (2).
1. Non-Sedating Antihistamine (1st Line) e.g. Fexofenadine. | 2. Prednisolone (Severe/Resistant Episode).
36
Specialist Management of Urticaria (3).
1. LRA e.g. Montelukast. 2. Omalizumab (IgE Target). 3. Cyclosporin.
37
What is a Morbilliform Eruption characterised by?
Generalised Maculopapular Rash.
38
Pathophysiology of Morbilliform Eruption.
Type IV T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity (Delay of 1-2 Weeks).
39
Aetiology Morbilliform Eruption.
1. Drugs. | 2. Paediatrics : Viral Xanthem.
40
Drug Causes of Morbilliform Eruption (4).
1. Amoxicillin (Especially if Infected with EBV). 2. B-Lactam Antibiotics. 3. Sulphonamides. 4. Allopurinol.
41
What is a Fixed Drug Eruption?
Circular erythematous patches that may contain a blister that recur in the same location every time the drug is taken. After healing, pigmentation may remain.
42
Drug Causes of Fixed Drug Eruption (3).
1. Paracetamol. 2. Sulphonamides. 3. Tetracycline Antibiotics.
43
What is a Lichenoid Eruption characterised by? (3)
1. Purple Pruritic Polygonal Planar Papules/Plaques. 2. Longitudinal Ridging in Nails. 3. 2 Months After Medication.
44
Aetiology of Lichenoid Eruption (6).
1. Anti-HTN Medications e.g. B-Blockers, Thiazides, ACE Inhibitors. 2. Anti-Malarials. 3. Gold. 4. Penicillamine.
45
Features of Lichen Planus. (4).
1. Itchy Papular Rash - Palms, Soles, Genitalia, Flexor Surfaces. 2. Wickham's Striae (White Lines on Surface). 3. Koebner Phenomenon : New Skin Lesions at Site of Trauma. 4. Oral Involvement : White-Lace Pattern on Buccal Mucosa.
46
Differences between Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Eruption.
1. No Effect on Oral Mucosa. 2. No Wickham Striae. 3. Commonly affects Trunk.
47
Management of Lichen Planus (3).
1. Potent Topical Steroids. 2. Oral - Benzydamina Mouthwash/Spray. 3. Extensive - Oral Steroids/Immunosuppression.
48
What is the Epidermal Necrosis Spectrum?
A spectrum of condition where a disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis, resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of the skin : 1. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (<10% of Body Surface Area). 2. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (>10% of Body Surface Area).
49
Drug Causes of Epidermal Necrosis.
1. Anti-Epileptics. 2. Antibiotics e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins. 3. Allopurinol. 4. NSAIDs. 5. Sulphonamides. 6. OCP.
50
Infective Causes of Epidermal Necrosis (4).
1. HSV. 2. Mycoplasma pneumonia. 3. CMV. 4. HIV.
51
Clinical Presentation of Epidermal Necrosis (5).
1. Start : Non-Specific Symptoms of Fever, Cough, Sore Throat, Sore Mouth, Sore Eyes, Itchy Skin. 2. Purple/Red Maculopapular Rash with Target Lesion Spreading Across the Skin. 3. Blistering. 4. Skin Sheds. 5. Pain, Erythema, Blistering and Shedding : Lips, Mucous Membranes, Eyes, Urinary Tract, Lungs, Internal Organs.
52
Investigations of Epidermal Necrosis (3).
1. Clinical Diagnosis. 2. Skin Biopsy. 3. Ophthalmology Urgent Referral.
53
Management of Epidermal Necrosis (4).
1. Medical Emergency. 2. Admit to Dermatology/Burns Unit. 3. Supportive Care : Nutritional Care, Anti-Septics, Analgesia, Ophthalmology. 4. Medications : Steroids, Immunoglobulins and Immunosuppressants.
54
Complications of Epidermal Necrosis (3).
1. Secondary Infection e.g. Cellulitis, Sepsis. 2. Permanent Skin Damage - Scarring. 3. Visual Complications.

DERM (Dermatology) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions